COMPETENCE, EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Multiculturalism requires counselors to understand, reflect upon, and integrate the diverse identities of clients into assessment, case formulation, intervention, and evaluation. This article reviews key models (MCC/AMCD, MSJCC, ADDRESSING, RESPECTFUL), ethical standards, empirical evidence (meta-analyses and systematic reviews), as well as implications for curriculum and practice in Indonesia. Recent evidence indicates that counselors’ multicultural competence and cultural humility are positively associated with therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes, while culturally adapted psychological interventions tend to enhance effectiveness for diverse populations. Practical implications include experiential training design, multicultural supervision, and the integration of Indonesian local wisdom.