International Conference on Guidance and Counseling
Guidance and Counseling, State University of Surabaya
PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE GUIDANCE IN EDUCATION
The study investigated preventive and curative guidance in education. Specifically, it ascertained the relationship among education, guidance, and counselling; explored the disparities and similarities between preventive and curative guidance in education, the aims and objectives of preventive and curative guidance programme, the pivotal principles upon which preventive and curative school guidance revolves, and the channels of reaching students with preventive and curative guidance in education. Finally, it explored composition of effective school guidance team. Being qualitative in approach, the study employed ex post facto, and reviewed extant literature to achieve the objectives of the study. Six research questions guided the study. It was found that mutually complementary relationship exists among education, guidance, and counselling in education; though disparities exist in preventive and curative guidance in education even as the services overlap; the aims and objectives of preventive and curative guidance in education is to assist students weaken or remove obstacles in their trajectories toward self-actualisation; and creative channels for enlisting students into preventive and curative guidance education are institutionalisation of guidance and counselling services in schools, use of group guidance and group counselling, use of Counselling Bullettin Board, among other findings. Appropriate recommendations were made.
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CHILDHOOD TRAUMA’S IMPACT ON PREFRONTAL CORTEX: EMOTIONAL READINESS FOR SCHOOL
Childhood trauma can significantly affect the limbic system particularly the amygdala and hippocampus as well as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which plays a critical role in regulating emotions, decision-making, and behavior. Disruptions in PFC function due to early adverse experiences may hinder a child’s ability to manage emotional responses and adapt to the demands of a structured school environment. Emotional unpreparedness in school settings can lead to difficulties in concentration, social interaction, and academic performance. This study aims to examine the impact of childhood trauma on PFC function and its implications for emotional regulation and school readiness, integrating perspectives from neuroscience and counseling. The method employed is a literature review, drawing from scholarly books and peer-reviewed articles published within the last decade (2015–2025). Results indicate that early adversity is associated with reduced PFC and hippocampal volume, heightened amygdala reactivity, and weakened connectivity between the amygdala and ventromedial PFC. These neural alterations impair executive functioning, impulse control, and emotional regulation, which in turn hinder children’s ability to follow rules, sustain attention, and manage frustration, all of which are essential components of school readiness. The findings underscore the importance of neuroscience-informed counseling strategies that enhance PFC functioning, improve emotional regulation, and support children’s readiness to engage successfully in academic and social contexts.
PROSPECTIVE VISION OF SCHOOL COUNSELLING: ADDRESSING CONTEMPORARY BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS IN SCHOOLS
This study examines the growing behavioural and emotional issues confronting students in the Nigerian educational system including bullying, digital addiction, aggressive behaviours, and social anxiety all impacting academic engagement and student development. These issues are related to other significant implications, including poor academic performance, social withdrawal and future mental health issues, and are intensified and magnified by socio-economic and family-related issues embedded in the educational system. In response, this study considers a holistic, multi-levelled school counselling model presumably in response to these behavioural challenges through a trauma-informed care model, building resilience and being culturally responsive to interventions. The study employs a systematic literature review founded on most up-to-date peer-reviewed journal articles, policy documents and institutional reports creating a nuanced framework that will be applicable within the Nigerian context. The results of the study highlight the necessity for school counsellors to move away from the traditional discipline, roles and transition to a proactive mental health approach which includes emotional intelligence, and confidence resolution, and furthermore digital literacy. The innovation in the model suggests early intervention with active collaboration between the school counselors, and teachers, and parents while paying more attention to digital wellbeing. The recommendations include training school counselors to be more effective in their practice, encouraging the use of social-emotional learning (SEL) programmes, and to advocate for policy improvements for mental health services and support. This article offers both theoretical contributors and practical support to promote develop effective mental health services in the schools within limited resources and culturally diverse contexts.
RECLAIMING IDENTITY(IES): CULTURE AND INFORMAL LEARNING IN AFRICA AND DIASPORA
In this article, we examined how cultural identity reconstruction can be fostered through informal learning practices and how indigenous knowledge can be integrated into formal education to strengthen adult professional identity in Africa and the African Diaspora. Leveraging on the post-colonial theory, Brookfield’s critical theory of adult learning, and transformative learning theory by Mezirow, this article argues that there is a need for deliberate engagement with indigenous knowledge systems and informal learning traditions to be able to reclaim African identities. Employing an interpretive hermeneutic approach and a comprehensive literature review, this article projects the lingering effects of slavery, colonial rule and globalisation on the African culture and identity (ies) while providing workable strategies aimed at incorporating indigenous knowledge into prevailing educational frameworks. The findings lend weight to the transformative rather than the assumed supplementary potentiality of informal learning to offer culturally affirming spaces that heal historical wounds, uphold communal values and bolsters the professional identity of adults. Employing an interpretive hermeneutic approach and extensive literature review, the study highlights the enduring impacts of slavery, colonialism, and globalization on African culture and identity while presenting strategies for integrating indigenous knowledge into contemporary educational frameworks. Findings underscore that informal learning is not merely supplementary but transformative, offering culturally affirming spaces that bridge historical ruptures, sustain communal values, and enhance adult professional identity.
REINVENTING ISLAMIC GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ADAPTABILITY TO ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
This position paper critically examines the state of Islamic guidance and counselling for adolescents in Nigeria, mapping current practices, identifying enduring gaps, and offering evidence-based, culturally resonant adaptations. The study to support the evolution of a responsive, holistic, and ethically grounded counselling paradigm. Specifically, the paper analyzed the basic principles of Islamic guidance and counselling, empirical outcomes from Nigerian Islamic schools, counselling initiatives, and adolescent mental health studies, as well as cross-case comparisons of integrative frameworks blending Islamic and mainstream psychology, gaps and limitations inherent in the existing Islamic counselling approaches and procedures for implementing effective integration and adaptability. The study adopted the integrative, multidisciplinary literature review method and the results showed that the integration of Islamic counselling with psycho-spiritual principles significantly reduces depression, anxiety and other behavioural problems. The study concluded that Islamic guidance and counselling in Nigeria must evolve into professionally and evidence-based one rather than authority-driven and prescriptive model.
BRAIN-BASED STUDY SKILLS COUNSELLING FOR IMPROVING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA
The study assessed the peroformances of secondary school students in Nigeria. It also investigated the strategies adopted in impoving the performance of secondary school students. Some of these strategies include other traditional methods, such as remedial and extra lessons, general guidance and counselling, and teachers’ professional development. The adopts the narrative enquiry qualitative research design, which is vital for exploring deep and relational engagement between the researcher and the fact being explored for the purpose of understanding experiences and how experiences are shaped and understood. The study found the adoption of traditional methods, such as remedial and extra lessons, general guidance and counselling, and teachers’ professional development to only promote rote learning among students, with little or no imporvement on their academic performances. Thus, the adoption of brain-based counselling study skills, which promote retrieval practice, spaced revision, metacognition, executive-function supports and sleep therapy to be vital in improving students’ performance. The study then recommended step-by-step approaches through which the brain-based study skill counselling can be established in Secondary schools. The study concluded that the adoption of brain-based counselling skills will promote students’ learning with relatively low resources.
DEVELOPING A LEARNING TEXTBOOK FOR CHILDREN WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
The development of a learning textbook for children with physical disabilities is crucial to supporting inclusive education and preparing future special education teachers with practical, evidence-based resources. This study aims to understand the concept, structure, and content of a learning textbook for student with physical disabilities in develop and validate the textbook to ensure its effectiveness as a practical and inclusive teaching guide. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach adapted from Borg and Gall’s model with seven stages, research and information collecting, planning, develop preliminary form of product, develop preliminary form of product. Data were collected through focus group discussions, expert validation, student questionnaires, and user feedback. The results indicated that the developed textbook achieved high validity scores from media experts (88%) and material experts (88%), as well as highly positive responses from users with an average score above 90%. The textbook successfully integrates theory and practice, offers structured intervention strategies, and supports teacher candidates in understanding and implementing inclusive learning for children with physical disabilities. The findings imply that the textbook can serve as a reference for universities, teachers, and inclusive schools to enhance the quality of education for students with physical disabilities. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive integration of theoretical foundations and practical applications tailored to the unique learning needs of children with physical disabilities, supported by case studies and interactive features to improve student engagement and accessibility.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CBT-BASED MULTICULTURAL COUNSELLING MODULE TO ENHANCE SPIRITUALITY
Students are not very involved in spiritual activities. Students engage in spirituality because they fear punishment. Lack of self-discipline and minimal spiritual values are causes for concern, resulting in low spiritual involvement. The purpose of this study is to determine how to develop a cognitive behavioural multicultural counselling module for prospective counsellor students to enhance spirituality. Data collection methods include needs assessment and expert-designed development and testing. The results of this research show that the development of cognitive behavioural multicultural counselling helps to improve spiritual values.
NATURE-BASED SUFI GUIDANCE AS A STRENGTHENER OF COLLEGE STUDENT RESILIENCE
This study aims to develop a Sufi-based model of nature contemplation to improve students' psychological resilience. This model is based on the philosophy of ethical Sufism, philosophical Sufism, and religious-rational Islamic educational philosophy, as well as Al-Ghazali's theory of tazkiyatun nafs and Ibn Arabi's theory of wahdatul wujud. The research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with five main stages: preliminary study, model formulation, rational validation, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected using psychological resilience instruments, then analyzed using qualitative (data reduction, theme coding, meaning interpretation) and quantitative approaches using independent t-tests. The results showed a significant increase in students' psychological resilience (p < 0.05) after participating in Sufi-based nature contemplation counseling. The resulting model proved to be feasible and effective as an alternative counseling service in higher education to help students cope with academic pressure and build religious character. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating Sufi values into guidance and counseling services to strengthen students' mental resilience in the modern era.
MAPPING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING TECHNIQUES AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN BULLIED VICTIMS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
In recent years, bullying remains an unresolved issue that impacts individual psychology and motivation in living life, even the loss of individual motivation. The purpose of this study is to describe research on Motivational interviewing on bullying victims to increase achievement motivation. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach with bibliometrics. Data was taken in 2014-2024 with a total of 897 publications without any limitations in any form. The data source was carried out on the Scopus database. The analysis was carried out with the help of Vosviewer software, and Rstudio. The results of the study show that motivational interviewing and bullying are still interesting topics to study. However, the study of motivational interviewing still requires comprehensive mapping for scientific development in studies, especially motivational interviewing in bullying to increase achievement motivation. As a prediction of future themes, studies on bullying are still trending, so that motivational interviewing is an interesting thing to be an alternative solution.
EFFECTIVENESS OF COUNSELING INTERVENTION TO REDUCE STUDENT AGGRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
The rise in aggressive behavior in schools requires counseling interventions aimed at reducing aggressive behavior in students. This article reports the results of a systematic review of articles published between 2020 and 2025 that specifically examined various interventions that can be used to reduce aggressive behavior in students. The search for articles was conducted through the Google Scholar database using the Publish or Perish search engines. The selection of articles for review used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The analysis of the five selected articles revealed that schema therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Behavioral Therapy (ACT), reality therapy, and mindfulness have been proven effective in reducing aggressive behavior in students. Each of these interventions has unique characteristics that can be adapted to suit the needs and developmental stage of the student. Overall, the selection of the appropriate intervention method must consider the short-term and long-term goals, individual characteristics, and the adolescent's social and environmental context. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for counseling practitioners and guidance and counseling teachers in selecting appropriate interventions to help students reduce their aggressive behavior.
CAREER GUIDANCE PROGRAMS AS CAREER INDECISION INTERVENTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review by examining and analyzing career guidance programs in overcoming career indecison among adolescents, thereby providing a basis for practitioners and guidance and counseling teachers to implement appropriate career guidance programs. This study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology following the PRISMA guidelines with data searches for articles from 2020-2025 through the Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases, conducted with the help of the Publish or Perish application and searches on the ScienceDirect publication journal. The search results yielded 991 data points, which were reviewed based on five inclusion criteria, resulting in eight relevant articles. The results showed that intervention programs such as courses or online program development programs, goal-based career coaching, future time perspective, career management applications, career guidance workshops, and classroom-level programs were effective in improving readiness, confidence, and career decision-making skills, thereby overcoming career indecision. These findings provide an empirical basis for guidance and counseling teachers to develop systematic, effective, culturally relevant, and age-appropriate career guidance programs that can help adolescents overcome indecision related to career decision-making.
TRANSFORMING GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING: BUILDING NEW STRENGHS THROUGHT GLOBAL AND LOCAL PERSPECTIVES
In order to develop new strengths in counseling practices, this study intends to investigate how guidance and counseling (G&C) is changing through the integration of local and global viewpoints. It aims to comprehend how these viewpoints influence more inclusive and pertinent G&C services in Indonesia. The study combines a literature review strategy with a qualitative approach. Four primary viewpoints are examined in this critical analysis of current G&C ideas and practices: Islamic counseling, social justice counseling, prospective school counseling, and a decolonial approach to Western counseling models that emphasizes local culture adaptation. The results show that Indonesian G&C should move away from remedial services and toward actively developing students' potential. Social justice counseling empowers marginalized populations and closes service gaps. Islamic therapy incorporates cultural and spiritual principles to improve mental health. The decolonial method emphasizes how crucial it is to modify Western theories to fit regional cultural settings. A comprehensive and culturally sensitive counseling framework is produced by this synthesis. This study presents a fresh, integrated approach to guidance and counseling that strikes a balance between local cultural significance and global knowledge. It offers new perspectives on creating inclusive, successful counseling strategies that adapt to Indonesia's current social shifts.
ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL STUDENT CAREER PLANNING SERVICE PROGRAM AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL USING THE CIPP EVALUATION MODEL
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of career guidance services in Vocational High Schools (SMK) using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. Career guidance services play a strategic role in helping students understand their potential, determine career direction, and prepare for the future, both for continuing their education and entering the workforce. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with research locations at SMK PGRI Sooko, SMKS Al Hidayah, and SMK Gajah Mada Puri. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed using the Miles & Huberman interactive model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The preliminary results of the study indicate that in terms of context, career guidance services are relevant to the school's vision and mission and student needs. In terms of input, there are still limitations in the number of guidance counselors, supporting media, and budget. In terms of process, career services are implemented through individual consultations, group guidance, and seminars, but their implementation is not yet fully structured. Meanwhile, in terms of product, career guidance services have had a positive impact in the form of increased student understanding of career choices, tracer studies showing that most alumni have worked or continued their studies, and collaborations with the business and industrial worlds. The study's conclusions confirm that career guidance services at the three schools have been running quite well, but improvements in resource provision, more systematic program planning, and ongoing evaluation are still needed.
A PROSPECTIVE VISION OF SCHOOL GUIDANCE: AN EVALUATION OF CLASSROOM GUIDANCE PROGRAMS
This study evaluates the guidance and counseling program at a public junior high school in the Wiyung District using the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with three guidance and counseling teachers and fifteen students as subjects, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that, in terms of context, students’ needs include learning motivation, discipline, social skills, and emotional regulation. Regarding input, technology-based instruments and media have been applied, although limited facilities and counseling staff remain challenges. In the process aspect, classroom guidance services are implemented through varied methods but are hindered by student stigma and time constraints. In the product aspect, the guidance and counseling program has shown positive effects on emotional management, responsibility, self-confidence, and social skills, although academic motivation has yet to reach an optimal level. Overall, the guidance and counseling program is considered beneficial; however, strategies are needed to strengthen student motivation, reduce stigma, and enhance parental involvement.
MULTICULTURALISM IN COUNSELING: COUNSELORS COMPETENCE IN DEALING WITH CLIENT DIVERSITY
The growing cultural, ethnic, religious, and social diversity in today’s society presents new challenges for the counseling profession. Counselors often struggle when they lack adequate understanding of clients’ cultural backgrounds, which may result in misinterpretation of problems, ineffective strategies, and difficulties in building strong therapeutic relationships. This paper aims to explore the significance of multicultural competence in counseling, outline the challenges encountered in diverse contexts, and suggest strategies for strengthening these competencies. The study employs a literature review approach, drawing from both international and Indonesian scholarly sources on multicultural counseling. The review indicates that multicultural competence encompasses three interrelated dimensions: self awareness of personal values and biases, knowledge of clients’ cultural contexts, and the ability to apply culturally responsive skills and techniques. Several obstacles remain, including stereotypes, language and communication barriers, and value conflicts between counselors and clients. To address these issues, continuous professional training, reflective practice, cross cultural experiences, and the integration of multicultural perspectives into counselor education programs are recommended. The implication of this study is that multicultural competence should be regarded not as an additional skill but as a core element of professional counseling, particularly in Indonesia, where cultural diversity is deeply embedded in everyday life.
LITERATURE STUDY ON MULTICULTURAL APPROACHES IN COUNSELING IN SCHOOLS
This article discusses a literature review on the multicultural approach to guidance and counseling that has been carried out in schools. The background of this article is based on the diversity of cultures, religions, ethnicities, and values owned by students, so that as a counselor is required to have sensitivity and multicultural abilities in the practice of guidance and counseling. The method used in writing this article is a literature study by collecting, studying, and analyzing various literature sources in the form of journals, books, or the results of relevant previous research. The results of the study show that it is important to have the ability and understanding of a counselor in multicultural counseling so that the services provided are in accordance with the culture of each individual so that the guidance and counseling process runs effectively. Counselors need to have sensitivity to differences in culture, religion, language, gender, ethnicity, customs, race, ethnicity, and social status. The counselor must provide justice or act fairly without distinction or favoritism in assisting and providing services. In addition, counselors need to be principled and ethical from multicultural counselors. Therefore, the application of multicultural counseling services is very important to be understood by a counselor in order to provide effective counseling services and in accordance with the integrity and culture of the counselor.
THE ROLE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING TEACHERS IN PREVENTING BULLYING BEHAVIOR IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Bullying in schools is a global problem that requires serious attention. Bullying occurs not only physically but also in new forms, namely cyberbullying, as students' access to electronic devices becomes easier in the digital era. Data from the ICRW and KPAI show a high prevalence of violence and bullying in schools, thus emphasizing the importance of the involvement of Guidance and Counseling (BK) teachers in controlling this problem. This article aims to explain the role of BK teachers in preventing student bullying in the digital era using a literature review method. The research findings indicate that BK teachers have a vital role as informants, motivators, facilitators, mediators, and evaluators. This role is realized through various services, such as classical guidance, individual counseling, group counseling, and information services aimed at increasing student awareness of the dangers of bullying, providing support to victims, and helping perpetrators change their behavior. Thus, BK teachers have a strategic role in creating a safe, comfortable, and supportive school environment for children in the digital era.
MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND MENTAL HEALTH OF INTERREGIONAL STUDENTS
Interregional student mobility in Indonesia, where students frequently migrate from their home provinces to study in other culturally distinct regions, presents unique challenges for psychological adjustment. Mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and acculturative stress are common in this population. Multicultural Counseling Competence (MCC) has been proposed as a key factor in improving counseling effectiveness in diverse contexts. This article presents a systematic literature review of 42 studies published between 2010 and 2023 concerning MCC and student mental health, with particular attention to the Indonesian context. Sources were retrieved from Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar using PRISMA guidelines for review studies. The results indicate that MCC significantly influences student well-being by fostering stronger therapeutic alliances, reducing counseling microaggressions, and promoting culturally sensitive interventions. While international evidence on MCC and international students is robust, research on interregional students in Indonesia remains limited. This review highlights the urgent need to integrate MCC training into Indonesian counselor education and to design culturally responsive interventions that address discrimination and acculturation stress. Implications for counselor education, university policies, and future research are discussed.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GROUP GUIDANCE TO REDUCE AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Group guidance at school is one type of service that can reduce aggressive behaviour in students. Through group guidance activities, students will obtain various information through group dynamics, which directly provide them with personal experiences. Aggressive behaviour in adolescents correlates with low emotional regulation and social problem-solving skills. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of group guidance in reducing aggressive behaviour. The method used is a literature review. The results of the review show that through group guidance, students can learn to control their emotions, develop social skills, and find more positive ways to express themselves. This article discusses the results of research on the effectiveness of group guidance in reducing aggressive behaviour.
THE STRATEGIES OF SCHOOL COUNSELORS IN STRENGTHENING STUDENTS’ DISCIPLINE CHARACTER
Discipline is an essential element of character education, playing a critical role in promoting academic achievement and a sense of responsibility among students. However, infractions of rules, lateness, and disobedience regarding school regulations still present common problems within the school environment. This article attempts to review strategies used by school counsellors to build the discipline of students through preventive services under the underpinning of Bandura's self-regulation theory. This qualitative research uses the literature review design to synthesize national and international journals, books, and other relevant official documents. National and international data were analyzed using a thematic analysis to identify patterns of preventive counselling strategies. The results indicate six significant strategies: orientation and information services, individual and group counselling, character-building programs, teacher role modelling, the use of educational rewards and punishments, and collaboration with stakeholders. A closer analysis through Bandura's theoretical framework shows how these strategies produce effects via the processes of self-monitoring, self-judgment, self-reaction, observation learning, and reinforcement that allow discipline to become an attribute internalized within character instead of temporary performances regulated by external control. The paper makes a theoretical contribution to the development of self-regulation-based models of preventive counselling and provides practical recommendations for teachers and schools to use as part of their practical intervention for GC in building an integrity-based and character-focused education climate.
MULTICULTURAL COUNSELORS: ADAPTIVE SKILLS AND ETHICS IN HANDLING CLIENT DIVERSITY
This article discusses the important role of multicultural counselors in handling the diversity of clients. The main focus is on adaptive skills that enable counselors to adjust approaches and communication according to clients’ backgrounds, aiming for more effective counseling. Additionally, professional ethics play a key role, especially in respecting cultural values, maintaining confidentiality, and avoiding discrimination. The article also addresses challenges counselors face when working with diverse clients, such as potential conflicts or unconscious biases during counseling. To provide practical insight, real case examples of cultural conflicts in counseling sessions and counselor strategies to resolve them are presented. By understanding and implementing these adaptive skills and ethical principles, counselors are expected to offer inclusive services, manage cultural differences, and support clients’ overall well-being. Thus, a deep understanding and application of adaptive skills and ethics form a foundation for multicultural counselors to provide effective and meaningful support.
IMPLEMENTING PREVENTIVE GUIDANCE TO PREVENT BULLYING BEHAVIOR
Bullying is a serious problem in schools and can affect students' mental health, academic performance, and learning environment. This study aims to examine the role of guidance and counseling (BK) teachers in providing guidance services that prevent bullying. The method used was to read and analyze research findings from both Indonesia and abroad over the past five years. The findings indicate that preventive guidance services provided by BK teachers are highly effective in raising student awareness, building empathy, and encouraging positive peer relationships. Programs such as Friendly Schools and KiVa abroad have successfully reduced bullying cases because they involve all school components, while digital-based approaches can help address the issue of cyberbullying. In Indonesia, the primary methods used are organized guidance services and collaboration with parents to reduce bullying incidents. Therefore, BK teachers play a crucial role in creating a safe, inclusive, and bullying-free school environment.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING FOR CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
One of the problems frequently encountered in schools is learning difficulties. Learning difficulties is a term used to describe various conditions that affect a child's ability to understand lessons. Many factors can cause a child to experience learning difficulties. This condition is not solely related to intelligence levels, but also related to the child's ability to master learning skills and complete assigned tasks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of Developmental Guidance and Counseling services for children with learning difficulties and provide recommendations for services that are appropriate to the development of students. This research uses a qualitative descriptive study method. Developmental guidance and counseling services play a crucial role in supporting children with learning difficulties. Developmental Guidance and Counseling (BK) has the primary goal of supporting children's overall growth so that they can develop optimally, both academically, socially, and emotionally. The developmental guidance and counseling program refers to four main services: basic services, responsive services, individual planning, and system support.
PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES IN ADDRESSING DEPRESSION: A SCOPING REVIEW
Depression is one of the most common mental health problems worldwide, including in Muslim-majority countries. This study aimed to map the application of Islamic Psychotherapy in the management of depression. A scoping review methodology was employed, following the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). A total of 31 empirical studies met the inclusion criteria. The results revealed that most studies were conducted in Indonesia (n = 29), with smaller contributions from Pakistan and Algeria. The populations studied included adults, adolescents, older adults, postpartum mothers, and patients with chronic illnesses. The majority of studies employed quasi-experimental designs (n = 18) and used validated instruments such as the Beck Depression Inventory (n = 15) and DASS (n = 6). Interventions varied widely, with dzikir and Qur’anic recitation being the most common, followed by Islamic counseling, SEFT/SREFT, and Islamic mindfulness. Overall, most interventions showed positive effects (n = 27), with only a few yielding mixed or non-significant results. These findings indicate that Islamic Psychotherapy is a promising approach for reducing depression across diverse populations and settings. The study underscores the potential of integrating spiritual practices into therapeutic frameworks, with implications for counselors and mental health practitioners in culturally relevant mental health care
PEER COUNSELLING AS A PROGRAM TO REDUCE BULLYING BEHAVIOR IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to explore the effectiveness of peer counseling in reducing bullying among junior high school students, with a focus on integrating Western developmental theories and Islamic counseling values to develop a culturally relevant intervention model in Indonesia. The research employs a literature review approach, analyzing existing academic sources from 2016 to 2024 to synthesize findings on peer counseling's role in decreasing bullying behaviors, enhancing empathy, and fostering a positive school climate. Results indicate that well-implemented peer support programs can improve self-esteem, social skills, and empathy among students, leading to a reduction in aggressive behaviors and bullying incidents. The study highlights the importance of combining peer counseling with school policies and teacher involvement to maximize effectiveness. Its implications suggest that culturally grounded peer counseling models can serve as both preventive and curative strategies, benefiting victims and perpetrators alike. The novelty of this research lies in its contextualization of peer counseling within Indonesia’s socio-cultural landscape, integrating Islamic values with Western developmental theories to create a tailored intervention framework. This contributes to both practical applications in school settings and theoretical insights into culturally sensitive counseling practices, addressing existing gaps in bullying intervention.
COUNSELORS' MULTICULTURAL COMPETENCE IN OVERCOMING INTOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATION
In this study, the author focuses on the importance of multicultural skills that counselors must possess due to the increasing levels of discrimination and intolerance practiced by society. The research methodology used is a literature review of professional journal articles, academic textbooks, and conference proceedings, which were examined using a descriptive qualitative research design that applies hermeneutic techniques in relation to multicultural counseling theory. The findings indicate that counselors who are culturally competent, cross-culturally empathetic, and trained in culturally competent interventions can act as agents in promoting the values of justice, tolerance, and inclusiveness, as well as helping to reduce discrimination and increase cohesion in society. This study once again emphasizes the relevance of professionalism in counseling in relation to the acquisition of critical thinking skills and ongoing counselor training. Therefore, educational institutions and professional counselor associations need to improve training to improve counselors' skills in applying multicultural skills with the aim of developing a just and harmonious society.
SCHOOL COUNSELORS’ STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING ACADEMIC STRESS
Academic stress is experienced when students believe the demands of their studies outstrip their abilities or resources. Long-term stress has a negative effect on academic performance and may initiate emotional and behavioral problems, which could result in mental health issues like anxiety, burnout, and low motivation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate a multi-layered approach to explore how school counselors can play a significant role in reducing academic stress among students by systematically examining theoretical foundations, assessment instruments, and effective interventions tested within educational settings. The narrative review methodology synthesized national and international sources on academic stress, assessment instruments (such as the ESSA), cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness practices, group coaching, peer support programs, and school-family partnership approaches. Research findings support that a multi-level support system increases overall effectiveness in dealing with stress when approached promotively, preventively, and curatively. Evidence-based practices have been listed, which decrease the level of stress and improve the resilience, self-regulation, and overall well-being of students, such as psychoeducation about study skills, cognitive-behavioral counseling, mindfulness and relaxation techniques, training in time management, mentoring from peers, and referral in collaboration. Helpful suggestions are also put forward in this essay, specifically for school counselors in Indonesia, related to ethical issues in the delivery of counseling services, optimization of resources, and cultural sensitivity. The novelty of this research is its integrative approach, putting together research from around the world with context-specific suggestions, especially aimed at improving the implementation of school counseling programs to address academic stress.
COUNSELING AS A STRATEGIC EFFORT TO STRENGTHEN MENTAL HEALTH IN SCHOOLS
Adolescence is a challenging developmental stage and is prone to mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression. This condition can impact academic achievement, social relationships, and even the future of adolescents. Therefore, school counseling services are needed as a strategic tool to strengthen adolescent mental health in schools. This article aims to examine the role of school counseling in strengthening adolescent mental health and identify strategies that counselors can use to address various psychological challenges in students. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review. Data were collected from journals, research reports, and relevant official documents. The results of the study indicate that school counseling services, whether through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), peer counseling, or group counseling, are effective in reducing psychological symptoms, assisting with emotional regulation, and improving social skills. However, their effectiveness depends on the context, approach, and needs of the students. The novelty of this article lies in its emphasis on adolescent resilience, namely the ability to cope with stress, control emotions, and bounce back from adversity. Thus, school counseling is not only seen as a curative strategy, but also as a preventive effort in building adolescent mental resilience.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING AS PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE EFFORTS IN SCHOOLS
A school in contemporary times not only serves as a means to fulfill educational requirements in students but is also obliged to fulfill personal, social, and emotional aspects of students. A literature analysis in connection with this topic will be conducted in this article to clarify issues in connection with the role of guidance and counseling programs in being a preventive and curative platform in an educational institution. A qualitative research analysis will be conducted in this research to acquire literature in connection with research findings in relation to preventive and curative approaches in guidance and counseling programs in an institution of learning. The research findings in this research have demonstrated that programs utilizing a preventive approach such as psychological education, resilience building in students, social skill development, and other approaches are highly effective in preventing students from being affected with educational and emotional problems. Curative programs such as individualized and group counseling programs, crisis intervention programs, among others, have proved to be effective in coping with students affected with situations in their life. This article focuses on effectiveness in incorporating evidence-based practices in providing guidance and counseling programs in institutions of learning and efficient usage of technology in access to these programs.
STRENGTHENING SCHOOL COUNSELORS’ COMPETENCE TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN THE 21ST CENTURY
In the course of the development of the 21st century, students were confronted with a number of challenges from modern education regarding academic pressure, impact of cyber cultures, and requirements of social-emotional adjustments. In this respect, it is necessary that school counselors continue to strive with the development of professional skills in order to support students in enhancing the reinforcement of resilience, self-management, and achieving a sound psychological condition. The approach of this research uses a qualitative review technique, interpreting 30 articles that are both locally and globally released from 2010 to 2024. The interpretation of articles uses a technique of content analysis, clarifying that the central theme is categorized concerning professional skills, implementation practices, and implications for enhancing psychological conditions for students. The implications of the current research clearly mention that the four pillars of professional skills enhancement of school counselors are as follows: enhancement of professional identity, familiarity with modern counseling practices, engagement with cyber technology, and proper sensitivity to multi-cultural collaboration. Secondary, SEL interventions, cyber-based counseling practices, and collaboration with teachers as well as parents also supported in making progress toward enhancement of students’ skill of regulating emotions, thereby diminishing anxiety. In consideration of the explained implications, professional developments, educational support, practices of cyber-based counseling, are also pertinents to make a school counselor capable in enhancing students’ complete development, as well as psychological soundness, in the contemporary era of the globe.
SOCIAL JUSTICE COUNSELING THROUGH MULTIPLICATIVE APPROACH IN FREEDOM WRITERS MOVIE
Students often face social injustice issues such as discrimination, racism, bullying, and marginalization. These issues hinder the teaching and learning process and negatively impact students' mental health. However, teachers and counselors often focus solely on individuals without considering the support of their environment. Therefore, a more multiplicative approach is needed to resolve student issues and prevent similar problems from occurring in the future. This article will analyze the multiplicative approach used by Erin Gruwell in the film "Freedom Writers." A descriptive qualitative approach with content analysis methods was used to identify a total of 11 scenes and dialogues that represent social justice practices and the application of Erin Gruwell's multiplicative approach. These were then analyzed by linking the scenes and dialogues to relevant theories. The results of this study found that the film displays several multiplicative social justice strategies, such as expressive writing, history education, student advocacy, and building an inclusive environment. Through this approach, students can integrate with people of different races and regain their previously neglected rights. The implications of this research for guidance and counseling are expected to serve as a reference for counselors to implement in school counseling services. A multiplicative approach is well suited to addressing social justice issues among multicultural students, allowing them to gain empowerment and advocacy.
MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT SOCIAL CONFLICT IN SCHOOLS
Schools are representatives of society with diverse cultural, religious, language, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Although this diversity has the potential to add to the richness of social interactions, it sometimes leads to conflict if not managed properly. This is where multicultural counseling becomes one of the useful means of avoiding such conflicts. The current research uses a qualitative research approach, which is a literature study that browses different articles in journals, literature, and proceedings concerning issues of multicultural counseling, as well as avoiding conflicts within a societal setting, specifically a school setting. The results obtained from this research indicate that the service offered by the use of multicultural counseling has a significant impact on enhancing cultural awareness, empathy, and cross-cultural communication skills of students. Multicultural counseling decreases the intensity of conflict, discrimination, and bullying behavior, as well as promotes the establishment of an inclusive and harmonious school climate. Discussion underlined that the success of implementing this service is influenced by a high degree of counselor multicultural competence along with support from inclusive school policy. The results provide novelty in the form of an integrative multicultural counseling formulation, including counselor training, cross-cultural activity development, and strengthening of inclusive character education. Thus, multicultural counseling does not only hold a role as a problem-solving tool but also as a means of social transformation that is able to form a young generation into one which is tolerant, adaptive, and ready to face global challenges.
SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND SPIRITUAL BASED GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICE STRATEGY
Guidance and counseling is an integral part of education that functions to help students develop their potential, understand themselves, and adapt to social, cultural, and spiritual environments. In the era of globalization, educational challenges are increasingly complex, including rapid social change, cultural diversity, and the need for spiritual values. This article aims to analyze strategies for developing guidance and counseling services that are relevant to these dynamics through a social, cultural, spiritual, and holistic approach. The research method uses a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach to 15 literatures (14 journal articles and 1 book) published in the last 5 years, analyzed using content analysis techniques. The study results indicate that guidance and counseling services are effective when integrating: (1) social skills and social media management, (2) local wisdom and cultural sensitivity, (3) universal spiritual values, and (4) a holistic-multicultural approach. Empirical findings reveal that counselors need to strengthen multicultural, digital, and spiritual competencies to create inclusive and contextual services . The implications of the study highlight the need for school policies that support the development of local culture-based guidance and counselor training in facing the challenges of the digital era. In conclusion, responsive, inclusive, and transformative guidance and counseling services are needed to shape students with character, resilience, and global competitiveness.
ADAPTABILITY IN MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AS EMERGING POWER IN EQUITABLE PSYCHOTHERAPY
Adaptability in multicultural counseling has increasingly been explored as a new strength that will play an important role in the realization of fair and equal psychotherapy. With the constant increasing cultural diversity in society, the counselor is called upon to be able to adapt flexibly to those different values, beliefs, and life experiences that clients bring to the process of counseling. Psychotherapeutic practice cannot rest on conventional clinical approaches but must heed the client's social and cultural context in its entirety.The purpose of this paper is to review the role of counselor adaptability in multicultural counseling as a strategic component in developing appropriate psychotherapy. First, counselor adaptability is defined as the process of reassessing and readjusting professional attitudes, counseling skills, and therapeutic intervention according to the client's cultural background, value system, and life dynamics. This paper has been prepared using the literature review method of some major concepts of multicultural counseling theory and recent psychotherapeutic practices. An adaptive counselor forms an inclusive counseling space where diversity is respected and valued to empower clients from different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, adaptability is a salient constituent in the elaboration of psychotherapies attuned to global realities and the diversity dynamics in society.
ISLAMIC COUNSELING AS A SPIRITUAL APPROACH TO REDUCING ACADEMIC STRESS IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study examines Islamic counseling as a spiritual approach to reducing academic stress in high school students. Academic stress is a serious problem arising from high learning demands, intense competition, and the expectations of parents and teachers. If not managed properly, this condition can lead to anxiety, decreased motivation, and even burnout. Islamic counseling offers an alternative solution by integrating the values of the Quran, prayer, dhikr, self-reflection, gratitude, and tawakkul (trust), thereby strengthening students' spiritual and psychological aspects. A literature review shows that the implementation of Islamic counseling, whether individual, group, or digital, is effective in reducing academic stress levels and increasing resilience, self-control, and adaptive coping strategies. Several previous studies have confirmed the success of Islamic counseling techniques combined with modern approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or creative problem-solving, in helping students manage academic stress. The uniqueness of this study lies in the systematic integration of Islamic counseling into school guidance and counseling services as a holistic framework encompassing spiritual, emotional, and social aspects. Thus, Islamic counseling not only functions curatively, but also as a preventive strategy to build character, improve mental well-being, and prepare students to face today's academic challenges.
MULTICULTURALISM IN COUNSELING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN GLOBALIZATION
The purpose of this research is to analyze findings related to the implementation of multicultural guidance and counseling in the era of globalization. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research with a literature review method. Data sources collected were obtained from articles that have been searched from scientific articles, books, and research reports relevant to the topic discussed. Data sources come from national and international publications within the specified year range. The data analysis technique used is content analysis by identifying main themes, comparing research results, and synthesizing findings to obtain a comprehensive overview. The research results show that multiculturalism in guidance and counseling has an impact on increasing service effectiveness, especially in the context of cultural diversity, but there are also challenges for counselors, namely limited counselor competence, cultural bias, and a lack of supporting resources. The recommendations from this research are the importance of paying attention to increasing counselor competence through multicultural training, developing counseling curricula based on diversity, and conducting interdisciplinary collaboration to strengthen inclusive and responsive counseling practices to group dynamics.
PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE STRATEGIES FOR CYBERBULLYING AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Cyberbullying is a major factor with increasingly serious impacts on the mental health, academic performance, and social relationships of secondary school students. Therefore, this study, using the PRISMA protocol, conducted a scientific review report (SLR) of 10 peer-reviewed articles published by leading publishers between 2015 and 2025. The report identified these strategies as the best prevention strategies to improve the safety of secondary school students in the digital environment. In this context, digital literacy, awareness training, and the role of teachers and parents should be considered as immediate interventions to reduce risk through prevention strategies. Counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, and peer support are described as recovery strategies for students who have been victims of cyberbullying. This provides evidence that prevention and intervention should not be addressed in isolation but should be integrated into a framework promoted by schools and families with the support of policymakers. Future research should focus on cross-cultural and longitudinal studies to ensure that prevention and intervention strategies are applicable across educational settings and cultures.
THE CONCEPT OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AS BULLYING PREVENTION IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS
Bullying is a significant problem in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), impacting student health and achievement. Multicultural counseling can help prevent and address bullying in Islamic boarding schools. This article is a qualitative study using a literature review method, analyzing 10 scientific articles related to multicultural counseling and bullying in educational settings. The data analysis technique used is content analysis to identify key themes and the relevance of multicultural counseling practices in the Islamic boarding school context. This article discusses the concept of multicultural counseling as a way to prevent bullying in Islamic boarding schools and analyzes the role of multicultural counseling in improving social and communication skills and increasing student awareness and empathy. This analysis shows that, by prioritizing the values of tolerance, empathy, and mutual respect, multicultural counseling can be an effective tool for preventing and addressing bullying in Islamic boarding schools. This article also provides practical suggestions on how educators and counselors in Islamic boarding schools can integrate multicultural counseling into their learning programs.
KIPAS MODEL: ADAPTIVE STRENGTHS RELEVANT TO THE LOCAL CONTEXT
A Counseling practices in Indonesia often lack a framework that is based on the nation's diverse local cultures, which can impact their effectiveness and efficiency. This situation highlights the need for a multicultural counseling approach that is relevant to the Indonesian context. This paper aims to conduct a critical analysis of the KIPAS (Konseling Itensif Progresif Adaptif Struktur) counseling model, focusing specifically on its adaptive strengths and relevance to the local cultures of the archipelago (Nusantara). This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, analyzing data from previously published scientific sources such as journals, books, and papers. The findings from the analysis indicate that the KIPAS model is a highly adaptive and effective framework for counseling in Indonesia. Its core components, from the counselor's positioning (Kawan, Inovator, Pamong, Abdi, Suporter) to its unique counseling steps (e.g. Kabar Gembira or 'Good News', and Selebrasi or 'Celebration'), are deeply aligned with local wisdom and cultural values. Previous research confirms its successful implementation in various cultural settings, including Javanese, Madurese, and Bengkulu cultures, and demonstrates strong compatibility with the practices in pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). The implication is that the KIPAS model serves as a significant, culturally-grounded alternative to Western-centric theories, offering a solutive and flexible approach for practitioners in Indonesia.
COMPETENCE, EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN INDONESIA
Multiculturalism requires counselors to understand, reflect upon, and integrate the diverse identities of clients into assessment, case formulation, intervention, and evaluation. This article reviews key models (MCC/AMCD, MSJCC, ADDRESSING, RESPECTFUL), ethical standards, empirical evidence (meta-analyses and systematic reviews), as well as implications for curriculum and practice in Indonesia. Recent evidence indicates that counselors’ multicultural competence and cultural humility are positively associated with therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes, while culturally adapted psychological interventions tend to enhance effectiveness for diverse populations. Practical implications include experiential training design, multicultural supervision, and the integration of Indonesian local wisdom.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING TO REDUCE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC STRESS
Academic stress is a problem often experienced by students when they have to face various demands in the learning process. If this stress is not handled properly and appropriately, it can have serious negative effects on students, such as disrupting their mental health, decreasing their enthusiasm and motivation to learn, and even causing a decline in academic achievement. This study aims to examine and analyze various forms of guidance and counseling services that can be used as an effort to reduce the level of academic stress experienced by students. This study was conducted through a literature review method, in which the researcher examined and analyzed 1 reference book and 10 previous research articles that were closely related to the theme of this study. Based on the results of the literature review that has been conducted, it was found that guidance and counseling services in various forms, whether preventive services to anticipate the emergence of stress, curative services to overcome stress that has already occurred, or developmental services to improve students' ability to manage stress, have proven to be effective and capable of reducing the level of academic stress experienced by students. Thus, guidance and counseling services can be a strategic and effective solution in reducing students' academic stress while improving their well-being in the learning process.
ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDIES IN OBSERVING THE BEHAVIOR OF HOMESCHOOL CHILDREN
Guidance and Counseling is an educational service in schools that is integrated with the learning process. As a relatively new field in the world of education, Guidance and Counseling continues to develop, especially through a comprehensive approach. This program is designed and implemented by counselors as the party responsible for providing services to students. The current Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling approach aims to build student independence. The services provided are not only focused on solving problems, but are also oriented towards developing student potential according to their developmental stage. Therefore, Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling is often associated with development-based Guidance and Counseling. This study aims to identify and describe strategies, methods, and models of Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling that are tailored to student development through a case study approach. The research method used is qualitative with a literature study type. The results of this study cover several main aspects, namely: (1) Definition of Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling, (2) characteristics of Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling, (3) Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling strategies based on student development, (4) Comprehensive Guidance and Counseling methods based on student development (case study), (5) Definition of case study, (6) advantages and disadvantages of case studies, (7) case study process.
THE ROLE OF COUNSELORS IN SOCIAL PERSONAL GUIDANCE SERVICES IN HELPING INDIVIDUALS DEAL WITH EMOTIONAL TURMOIL
Emotional distress is an unavoidable aspect of being human, affecting how people react to various circumstances. Feelings, whether they are physical or negative, act as crucial indicators but may also pose difficulties if not handled appropriately. This research, which is based on a qualitative analysis of existing literature, investigates the involvement of counselors in assisting individuals to deal with emotional hurdles within personal social guidance services. The goal is to comprehend how counselors aid people in handling emotional challenges that may stem from life stressors, shifts in their environment, or traumatic events. The results reveal that unresolved emotional distress can negatively impact mental well-being, resulting in ongoing stress or more serious psychological issues. Counselors are essential in guiding individuals towards self-awareness, effective communication, and positive behaviors, helping them to take charge of their own lives. A variety of methods are recognized as useful for emotion management, such as displacement, cognitive reframing, positive self-talk, deep breathing, and techniques for emotional regulation. These methods empower individuals to address their emotional struggles in a more constructive manner. Overall, the research underlines that emotional distress is a normal experience that can be handled with the right support. Counselors, through specific strategies, can promote resilience and personal development, helping individuals maintain their mental health while facing the challenges of life.
BUILDING GENERATION Z SELF-CONFIDENCE THROUGH PERSONAL-SOCIAL GUIDANCE SERVICES
One important aspect that affects the development of individuals, especially the younger generation, is self-confidence. Self-confidence is an attitude or belief in one's own abilities, can be responsible for his actions, polite in interacting with others and able to recognize one's own strengths and weaknesses. Generation Z is a young generation that is often referred to as the digital generation because this generation was born in the era of technological development so that it can allow this generation to be exposed to the negative impact of digital technology, namely social media, which causes a lack of self-confidence in generation Z and considers a poor self-concept in itself. The author presents research in the form of a scientific article aimed at finding out how to build Generation Z's self-confidence through Personal-Social Guidance Services. This research uses a qualitative method approach with the support of data collection techniques, namely literature study. In this study, it shows that using personal-social guidance services to build generation Z's self-confidence is very effective given to individuals, so that it can foster self-confidence again for generation Z. The research results are as follows: (1) Definition of Basic Services in the personal-social field, (2) Basic service objectives in the personal-social field, (3) Factors that affect generation Z self-confidence, (4) Benefits of self-confidence, (5) Personal-social services that can increase generation Z self-confidence, (6) Basic personal-social service program stages.
PARENTAL INFLUENCE AND CAREER GUIDANCE IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Choosing a career path in the digital era can be quite a challenge for the younger generation. Of course, parents play a very influential role in determining their children's future, as parenting styles and parental support can boost self-confidence. Guidance counselors have the task of educating parents on appropriate parenting styles. In addition, Guidance counselors also provide a platform for students to explore themselves and discover their true identity in terms of future achievements and careers. A qualitative approach through interviews and data analysis shows that the importance of collaboration between parents and Guidance counselors in planning children's futures in this digital era needs to be taken into consideration so that children can develop optimally.
International Guidance and Counseling (ICGC)