Digital Ethics in AI-Based Services in Indonesia: Policy Evolution and Data Security Challenges—Literature Review

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in Indonesia has presented great opportunities in increasing the efficiency of digital services, but has also raised serious challenges related to personal data protection and digital ethics. This study uses a systematic literature review approach with the PRISMA method to analyze eight articles that relevantly discuss the relationship between AI, personal data protection, and digital ethics policies in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the biggest challenges lie in weak fragmented regulations, low public literacy, and the absence of an integrated supervisory institution. This study also identified gaps in the implementation of the Personal Data Protection Law and AI ethics that have not been optimally implemented in various sectors. Therefore, collaborative steps are needed between the government, private sector, and society in formulating policies and practices for the use of AI that are ethical, safe, and based on digital human rights.