Proceeding of International Joint Conference on UNESA
Optimizing the Visual Identity of MSMEs through Artificial Intelligence at UPT Pengembangan Mutu Produk Industri dan Teknologi Kreatif Surabaya
This community engagement program aims to strengthen the visual identity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based design tools. Conducted in collaboration with UPT Pengembangan Mutu Produk Industri dan Teknologi Kreatif (PMPI-TK) Surabaya, the project responds to common challenges faced by MSMEs, including lack of branding knowledge, inconsistent visual design, and limited access to creative technology. The program was carried out in three phases: qualitative analysis through interviews and focus group discussions to identify specific branding obstacles; workshop-based training introducing AI tools such as Canva AI, Looka, and Adobe Firefly; and pilot implementation in which participants developed brand identity assets tailored to their products. Results indicate that 87% of the 15 participants demonstrated an improved ability to conceptualize and produce consistent brand assets after the workshops. The project also introduced basic legal literacy regarding intellectual property protection. By integrating AI and participatory training, the initiative offers a sustainable model for MSME empowerment in the digital economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Proceeding of International Joint Conference on UNESA
The L1 Influence on Phonological Aspects of Bahasa Indonesia Acquisition as L3 in BIPA Students: A Cross-Linguistic Influence Study
This study aims to analyze the influence of L1 on the phonological aspect in the acquisition of BI as an L3 in BIPA students. This study uses a qualitative method to analyze the influence of L1 phonological aspects in the acquisition of BI as L3 in BIPA students. The subjects of this study were 18 BIPA students in BIPA at the Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa) and UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur. The subjects came from 3 countries, namely South Korea, Thailand, and Malaysia. There are three L1s in this study: Malay and Korean. The data collection was carried out using elicitation techniques and participant observation. This study shows that students with L1 Malay often change the pronunciation of vowels and consonants, such as pronouncing the sound [a] at the end of a word into [ǝ] or [o], replacing the sounds [t] and [d] at the end of a word with glottal sounds, and eliminating the sounds [r] and [l] at the end of a word. Meanwhile, students with L1 Korean have difficulty pronouncing the sound [r] and replace it with a [ɹ]. Korean students also add the sound [ǝ] after the sounds [s] and [r] at the end of a word. This study highlights the importance of pronunciation in teaching BI because this can hinder the mastery of proper phonology and have an impact on fluency and understanding of oral communication.
Re-Examination of Verb-Predicated Sentence Structure: A Household Syntax Perspective
Sentence, as a system, consists of several parts in the form of words that are interrelated with each other to form a unity, thereby creating a sentence system. However, there is no clear concept determining a sentence formulation as a system. This research aims to formulate the system formula in verb-predicated sentences with the analogy of the household system. This descriptive qualitative research discusses the theory of formulation. The result is the concept of a sentence system formula. From the results of the theoretical study and discussion, it can be explained that in verb-predicated sentences, the system formula can be analogous to a household consisting of a mother, biological children, and adopted children. These three parts form a single unit that constitutes a family system. The mother is a part of the household that controls both biological and adopted children. In the sentence, the predicate acts as the mother, while the subject and object are analogous to biological children, and adverbs and complements are analogous to adopted children. The predicate controls the existence of the subject and object because the predicate creates both. The decisive syntactic role of the subject and object is the predicate. The predicate does not make adverbs and complements, but their existence is parallel to the subject and object. Adverbs and complements bind themselves to the predicate through the syntactic roles they carry. Syntactic functions can be positioned as subject and object, while adverbs and complements are not syntactic functions, but both are parallel to syntactic functions.
The Role of Digital Catalogs in Preserving Pacitan Batik Cultural Heritage
Preservation of cultural heritage is key to maintaining national identity amidst globalization. Pacitan Batik, as part of a local culture rich in aesthetic and historical values, faces challenges in terms of regeneration and documentation. This study aims to identify the role of digital catalogs in preserving Pacitan batik and analyze its impact on society and the younger generation. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method in the Woro Srikandi Pacitan batik home industry, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results of the study indicate that digital catalogs not only function as documentation media, but also as a means of education and promotion. This catalog expands access to information about batik, increases cultural awareness, and supports learning and development of digital skills. However, limited infrastructure and digital literacy are still major obstacles. Therefore, synergy between artisans, government, educational institutions, and the community is needed to optimize the use of digital catalogs. In conclusion, digital catalogs have great potential in maintaining the sustainability of Pacitan Batik and can be a model for technology-based cultural preservation in other regions.
Empowering Educators to Promote Schools through AI and Creative Design
Decentering Subject Antropocentric in East Java Folklore: An Antropo-Posthumanist
The research in this article aims to change and expand the perspective of folklore research in Indonesia, from an anthropocentric to a posthumanist perspective, this is done by using critical posthumanist theory with a focus on 1) how decentering subjects are displayed in folklore in East Java, and 2) Reconstructing relationship subject in folklore in East Java. This research uses a qualitative narrative approach, this helps researchers to describe the structure and explain the meaning of folklore about the role and relationship between non-human subjects and humans. The data source used is folklore in East Java Province, Indonesia. The data were analysed through several stages, 1) identification, 2) classification, and 3) interpretation. This research resulted in the finding that folklore in East Java has an alternative point of view in understanding the relationship between humans and ‘non-humans’, humans are understood not as a single subject that determines everything, but are understood as subjects connected to ‘non-human’ subjects.
Preservation of Hui Musical Instruments from Ngada Regency, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur
This study discusses the preservation of traditional Hui musical instruments in Bena Village, Ngada Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, as an integral part of the cultural identity of the local community. Hui music plays an important role in traditional ceremonies, the transmission of cultural values, and the formation of social cohesion. However, modernization and the lack of regeneration of the younger generation are major challenges in maintaining its sustainability. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with data collection through literature studies and limited field observations. The results of the study indicate that the preservation of Hui music requires the active involvement of the local community through training, traditional festivals, and integration into formal and informal education. In addition, the use of digital technology in documentation and information dissemination is a potential strategy in maintaining the existence of this traditional music. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the preservation of Hui musical instruments is not only relevant as a cultural effort, but also as a strategy for character education and cultural identity in the midst of globalization.
The Dynamics of Ideology in MSIB Kampus Merdeka: An Analysis of Its Influence on Design Students' Competencies
Higher education in Indonesia faces challenges in improving the competencies of graduates, particularly in design education that demands not only technical skills, but also critical and creative thinking skills. The Magang dan Studi Independen Bersertifikat Program (MSIB) in the Kampus Merdeka policy is one of the strategic initiatives to address these challenges. This study aims to analyze in depth the dynamics of the ideology contained in the implementation of the MSIB program as well as its influence on the development of the competencies of design students. The method used is a qualitative approach with bibliometric analysis techniques of relevant literature from Google Scholar and Scopus databases in the span of 2021—2025. The results show that although the literature discusses the strengthening of professional competencies through MSIB, the ideological aspects inherent in the program and their impact on design education are still rarely studied. These findings reveal a gap in the literature related to the integration of educational ideology with the development of critical and creative abilities of design students. The study concludes that ideologies within MSIB have great potential in shaping students' ways of thinking, but that more structured ideological integration is needed in order for design education to produce graduates who are not only technically competent, but also innovative and reflective in the face of the challenges of the working world. These studies made important contributions in the development of more responsive and holistic design education curricula, as well as being the basis for the formulation of more effective higher education policies.
Analysis of Physical Fitness Level of Elementary Students Using Multistage Fitness Test
This study analyzes the physical fitness levels of elementary school students using the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT). A sample of 10 randomly selected students from various elementary schools in Surabaya participated in the test, which measures aerobic capacity through a series of running intervals. The findings revealed that most students fell within the less to moderate fitness categories, indicating a need for improved physical activities within schools. The study highlights the positive correlation between physical fitness and academic performance, emphasizing the importance of regular exercise in enhancing cognitive functions. Recommendations for schools include implementing organized fitness programs to foster better health and academic outcomes.
What are the Factors that Influence Athletes' Achievement Motivation? A Systematic Literature Review
Someone who makes sports a profession is called an athlete. An athlete's achievement is 80% influenced by mental aspects and only 20% by other aspects, so mental aspects must be managed properly, systematically and planned. One of the mental aspects is achievement motivation. Sports achievement motivation is one of the psychological aspects that plays an important role for sports people, motivation can come from within the individual and from outside the individual. Objective: To determine the factors that cause achievement motivation in athletes To investigate efforts in bringing up achievement motivation among Indonesia athlete. Methods: This research employs a qualitative approach utilizing the Systematic Literature Review method. The analytical unit in this study comprises journal articles gathered during the search process via “Garuda (http://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/)” by utilizing the keywords “Motivasi Berprestasi” & “Atlet”. Results: The researchers identified 62 articles using the keyword “Motivasi Berprestasi” & “Atlet” throughout 2020 - 2025 on the website “Garuda”. Twenty-three articles were incorporated into this study. The literature review procedure uses the PRISMA model. Based on the selection results according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines, 23 articles were obtained that were feasible and in accordance with the criteria and research objectives to be analyzed. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of 23 articles, there are many factors that cause athletes' achievement motivation, namely interpersonal communication, social support, self-confidence, self-efficacy, goal setting, parental support, mental toughness, resilience, self-concept, friend support, perception, and self-talk.
The Effectiveness of Psychological Skill Training for Volleyball Athlete in Improving Ability and Forming Character (Personality)
This study explored the effectiveness of psychological skills training in improving the ability and character building of Volleyball athletes. Using quantitative methods and an experimental design, 38 Volleyball athletes underwent training for eight weeks with a frequency of three times a week. The training included mental development techniques such as visualization, stress management, and goal setting. The results of the analysis showed significant improvements in the aspects of motivation, self-confidence, mental preparation, and team emphasis (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant relationship between cognitive ability and cooperation with psychological skills, indicating that character and ability contribute to athletes' mental preparedness. These findings confirm the importance of integrating psychological training in athlete development programs to improve performance and build collaborative character.
Lecturer Behavior Plays an Important Role in Increasing Student Motivation and Academic Achievement of College Students: A Sistematic Review
The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of lecturer behavior and the relationship between lecturers and students on student academic achievement. The research method used is a systematic review of journal articles and proceedings of Google Scholar, Scopus, Web Of Science and PubMed databases. The combination of keywords used is that a lecturer's behavior plays a role in increasing student learning motivation and academic achievement. The researcher uses a framework with inclusion criteria, namely the importance of lecturer behavior in increasing student learning motivation and academic achievement. The results of this study state that, based on the analysis of selected articles, 7 out of 10 research articles concluded that there was a significant impact of lecturer-student relationships on various aspects of student outcomes. Research recommendations suggest that universities actively seek to foster positive lecturer-student relationships through a variety of means. Lecturers should provide motivation by increasing interaction with students outside the classroom to explore students' potential and can provide a better learning experience for students. Lecturers and students can interact with open two-way communication and discussion. Students also need to be motivated to take advantage of the opportunity to interact with their lecturers as part of their learning experience at university.
Effective Programs to Increase Physical Activity Participation and Physical Fitness Levels: A Literature Review
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effective programs for increasing physical activity participation and physical fitness levels. The research method used is a systematic review of articles with the Scopus database. Researchers used the Spider framework whose inclusion criteria were: sample: students or youth; phenomenon of interest focused on programs for students or youth, about programs to increase sports participation and physical activity; survey or experimental research design, evaluation: effectiveness of programs to promote sports participation and physical activity; type of research is basic research. The research results state that the research in the selected articles was conducted with the ultimate goal of improving health and well-being through increasing physical activity. Research primarily focused on increasing, measuring, or understanding physical activity. Other research attempted to identify factors that influence the level of participation or success of physical activity programs. Program recommendations include increasing MVPA among middle school students during indoor classes, designing and implementing not only activities focused strictly on PA but also activities at home, subsequent physical activity interventions, and implementing school policies that encourage walking to and from school at specific distances. Campus programs such as sports clubs, summer programs, and spontaneous sporting events can be a way to increase physical activity participation and fitness in children and adolescents. Sports clubs offer opportunities to pursue specific interests in a supportive and fun atmosphere. Spontaneous sporting events can be designed to be inclusive and accessible to a variety of fitness levels, thereby attracting broader participation.
Spectator Experience at Medium-Scale Sports Events: A Case Study of Unesa Futsal Competition Vol.1
This study aims to examine the audience experience at a medium-scale sporting event through a case study of Unesa Futsal Competition Vol.1. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach through a survey method, using a structured questionnaire given to 30 respondents who attended the event. The main objective of this study was to identify the main factors that influence audience satisfaction and analyze its relationship with the desire to attend similar events in the future. The results showed that the comfort of the venue, cleanliness, security, and event atmosphere were significant factors that shaped the positive audience experience. The majority of respondents stated that they attended to support friends, and generally gave positive responses to the organization of the event which was considered interesting and professional. These findings emphasize the importance of managing service quality and creating a supportive atmosphere to increase audience loyalty at medium-scale events.
Combination of Hitting Drill Interval Training with The Reaction Speed of Table Tennis Athletes
This study aimed to examine the effect of a combination of interval training and hitting drills on the reaction speed of table tennis athletes. The research background is based on the need for table tennis athletes to have high reaction speed in the face of very fast-moving balls, where fast response is one of the main determinants of performance on the court. The study used an experimental method with measurement of reaction speed before and after exercise intervention. The assessment was carried out using an audio-visual whole body reaction test and an anticipation reaction time test to obtain objective reaction speed data. Statistical analysis was carried out with normality, homogeneity and t tests to compare results before and after treatment. The results showed that the combination of interval training and hitting drills significantly increased the reaction speed of table tennis athletes. These findings confirm the importance of integrated and specific training programs to optimize athlete performance, as well as provide recommendations for coaches in designing effective and efficient training programs to increase athlete competitiveness at national and international levels.
Examining Eating Behavior and Exercise Intentions among Gender in University Students
Early adulthood, particularly the student phase, is often accompanied by lifestyle changes that can affect mental and physical health. One concerning phenomenon among students is sedentary behaviour, which is associated with an increased risk of obesity and related diseases. This study aimed to explore eating behaviour and commitment to exercise among university students, as both factors are crucial in promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing obesity. A descriptive quantitative approach was used, involving 677 (f=522, m=155) undergraduate students selected via random sampling, who completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Commitment to Exercise Scale (CES). Data were analysed using multiple linear regression to determine the influence of eating behaviour and gender on exercise intention. Results showed that eating behaviour had a significant positive effect on exercise intention (β = 0.301, p < 0.001), while gender had a significant negative effect (β = –0.621, p < 0.001), indicating that male students tend to have a higher exercise intention than female students. The model explained 20.3% of the variance in exercise intention. These findings highlight the importance of fostering healthy eating habits and addressing gender differences in physical activity commitment among university students.
The Relationship between Teacher Performance Motivation and Learning Outcommes in Physical Education, Sport and Health
This study aims to determine the level of motivation of PJOK teachers in elementary, junior high, high school / MI / MTS / MAN education units in realizing optimal learning strategies and being able to contribute to improving students' physical fitness at school in achieving ideal teaching strategies, both professionally. By using the survey method with participants of MGMP members of PJOK Teachers in Surabaya City, the sampling technique used purposive sampling technique from a population of 30 teachers from a population of 256 PJOK teachers in Surabaya City. Data collection techniques using surveys and questionnaires. Loyalty questionnaire indicators include: work motivation, optimal performance strategies, adherence to regulations, responsibility for regulations, willingness to continue to work professionally, relationships between PJOK teachers, participation of PJOK teachers in special training to increase teacher competence in education units oriented towards physical fitness achievements, professionalism as a PJOK teacher.
Enhancing Fundamental Motor Skills through the Teaching Games Understanding (TGfU) Model
This study examines the effectiveness of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) model in enhancing fundamental motor skills among elementary school students. A one-group pretest-posttest design involved 42 fifth-grade students who participated in an eight-week TGfU-based intervention. The instructional sessions emphasized tactical awareness, decision-making, and gameplay understanding, aiming to improve locomotor (e.g., running, jumping) and object control (e.g., throwing, catching) skills. Pretest and posttest assessments using the TGMD-2 instrument showed significant improvements in both locomotor and object control domains. Paired sample t-tests indicated substantial gains, with large effect sizes supporting the intervention’s impact (sign. < 0.05). The results suggest that TGfU is a practical pedagogical approach that provides meaningful, game-based learning contexts for motor skill development. These findings highlight the model’s potential as a student-centered strategy in physical education, promoting both skill acquisition and engagement. The study contributes practical insights for educators seeking to enhance physical literacy in school settings.
Teaching Basketball to School-Aged Students: A Systematic Analysis of Instructional Methods in Physical Education
This systematic review examines the instructional strategies applied in teaching basketball to school-aged children within Indonesian physical education (PE) settings. Although traditional methods centered on repetitive drills remain widespread, they often fall short in promoting comprehensive understanding and active student participation. In contrast, contemporary approaches such as Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) and Sport Education (SE) prioritize tactical awareness, decision-making, and student engagement, aligning with Indonesia’s educational emphasis on Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). By reviewing ten highly cited SCOPUS-indexed studies published between 2020 and 2025, this study evaluates the impact of various pedagogical models. The results consistently show that TGfU contributes to improved technical abilities, game comprehension, and student enthusiasm. Moreover, integrating TGfU with unstructured practice or SE produces greater gains in performance and involvement compared to using each method in isolation. These findings provide practical guidance for educators and curriculum designers aiming to enhance basketball teaching through interactive, student-centered learning frameworks
The Effect of Active Learning Method on Students' Physical Fitness in Physical Education and Fitness Lectures
The learning methods used in Physical Education and Fitness courses have an important role in improving students' physical fitness. Active Learning Method (ALM) is an approach that emphasizes students' active involvement in the learning process, which has the potential to improve physical fitness more effectively than conventional methods. However, the limited research on the effectiveness of ALM in the context of physical education is the main reason for the need for a more in-depth study. This study aims to analyze the effect of Active Learning Method on students' physical fitness in Physical Education and Fitness courses. Specifically, this study will compare the level of physical fitness of students who take part in learning with ALM and conventional methods. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. Physical fitness data will be measured using standard parameters of physical fitness, such as cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, and muscle endurance. The targeted outputs of this research include publications in accredited national journals, Active Learning Method-based learning modules for Physical Education and Fitness lectures, and policy recommendations for educational institutions in adopting more effective learning methods. The results of this study are expected to contribute to improving the quality of physical education learning and significantly improving students' physical fitness.
Lived Experiences of Female Collegiate Athletes: Basis for Policy Enhancement
This research explores the lived experiences of female athletes at the collegiate level, with the aim of providing a basis for policy improvement in sport. Women in sport often face complex challenges caused by gender inequality, academic pressures and athletic demands. Through a qualitative case study approach, this research involved ten participants from various sports and conducted semi-structured interviews to explore themes such as support, resource inequality, and the influence of gender stereotypes. Findings showed significant disparities in access to resources and incentives compared to male athletes, as well as the negative impact of gender stereotypes on their self-confidence. However, the presence of a strong support system, both from peers and coaches, was instrumental in maintaining athletes' motivation and well-being. This study recommends policy improvements to support the fulfillment of female athletes' aspirations, including more equitable resource allocation, increased visibility of women's sports, and the provision of mentoring programs and mental health support. With the implementation of these recommendations, it is hoped that institutions can create an environment that empowers female athletes to achieve better, both academically and athletically.
Application of The MFT Method in The Evaluation of The Fitness Level of Menanggal 601 Surabaya Elementary School
The purpose of this study is to use the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) technique to assess the fitness level of elementary school pupils. The study used secondary data from 20 students (10 males and 10 females) in a descriptive quantitative manner. Based on MFT findings, VO₂max values were computed and examined using Jamovi software. The results showed that both male and female students had moderate to good levels of aerobic fitness, with male students' average VO₂max at 22.2 ml/kg/min and female students at 22.1 ml/kg/min. Male students' VO₂max distribution was more concentrated at higher levels, whereas female students' range was more varied, with some falling into lower categories. These findings bolster the MFT method's usefulness as a trustworthy instrument for assessing students' levels of fitness. The significance of physical fitness in schools is emphasized by this study, which also calls for bigger and more diverse sample sizes in future research to support more general findings on education and health.
The Correlation of Dietary Patterns and Sleep Duration towards The Body Fat Percentage among Pencak Silat Athletes
This study investigates the correlation of dietary patterns, sleep duration, and body fat percentage in Pencak Silat athletes at Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA). Despite an increase in athlete participation in the Pekan Olahraga Mahasiswa Nasional (POMNAS), performance outcomes have remained limited, with only bronze medals earned in recent editions. Elevated body fat percentage can impair strength, endurance, and agility—key components of athletic performance. This cross-sectional study involved 42 athletes (25 males, 17 females; aged 18–22). Dietary patterns were assessed using the Eating Behavior Patterns Questionnaire (EBPQ), sleep duration via the Sleep Timing Questionnaire (STQ), and body fat percentage was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Results showed a significant negative correlation of dietary patterns and both total body fat (r = -0.429, p = 0.005) and visceral fat (r = -0.317, p = 0.035), indicating that healthier dietary patterns are associated with lower fat levels. No significant correlation was found of dietary patterns and subcutaneous leg fat (r = -0.213, p = 0.215). Sleep duration showed a stronger negative correlation with total fat (r = -0.746, p = 0.000), visceral fat (r = -0.504, p = 0.001), and subcutaneous leg fat (r = -0.572, p = 0.000), emphasizing the role of adequate sleep in reducing fat accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of balanced nutrition and sufficient sleep in maintaining optimal body composition, which may enhance athletic performance in Pencak Silat.
Analyst Structure and Performance Organization in SMAMDA Futsal Club
This study examines the management of futsal organization at SMAMDA FC to understand how current management practices support team achievement and youth leadership development. The research method is descriptive quantitative with a Likert questionnaire distributed to 25 respondents, including coaches, players, staff, and club managers. The survey results showed that most respondents (76%) stated that each team member knows their duties and responsibilities well, 88% considered the relationship between administrators, coaches, and players to be harmonious, and 80% thought the club's organizational structure was clear and easy to understand. These findings indicate that SMAMDA FC management has been running effectively. It is recommended to prepare a more planned work program, improve cross-team coordination, and provide ongoing training for administrators and club members. Thus, the expected good management of futsal organization can continue to be improved to support the achievements and educational leadership of club members.
The Relationship between Healthy Living Behavior and Stress Level with Student's Quality of Life
In this challenging era, students often face stress due to academic burdens and social demands. In the context of stressful campus life, students often face various challenges that can affect their mental and physical health. The urgency of this study lies in the need to understand how healthy living behaviors can help reduce stress levels and improve the quality of life of college students. This research is important given the increasing rate of mental health problems among college students. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between healthy living behaviors which consist of diet, physical activity, and stress levels and the quality of life of university students. By using survey method, data will be collected from undergraduate students of batch 2023 with Physical Education Health and Recreation study program to evaluate their living habits and its impact on mental health or stress level by using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 42) questionnaire. The targeted output of this research is to provide students with more insight into the factors that affect students' quality of life. In addition, this study aims to provide recommendations for more effective education and health institutions and a better understanding of the quality of healthy living behavior. Similarly, the authors hope to increase students' awareness about the importance of healthy living behaviors. Related references that support this research include articles in the Journal of Health Psychology (2020) and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2021), which show a positive relationship between healthy living behaviors and quality of life, as well as stress reduction among college students. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of better health policies in academic settings.
Physical Education Motor Skills Test in Primary School in the Last 5 Years: A Systematic Review
The development of a child's movement is an essential period or phase in their growth and development. Movement development becomes an important foundation for a child in gaining good movement effectiveness in the future. This study aims to systematically review some literature that has developed or tested instruments related to movement skills in elementary school students in the last five years. This study is a systematic review study by adopting the Preferred Reported Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method in conducting data collection. The researcher used single database as the database of this systematic review research. The data collection process using the PRISMA method integrated with the SCOPUS website, obtained initial identification results of 929 documents. Furthermore, the results of articles that fit the inclusion criteria were 210 articles. The results were sorted and selected again until finally obtaining 10 articles with the most citations. These findings highlight the necessity for a more adaptable methodology in the future development of fundamental movement assessment tools. The proposed instruments should fulfill validity and reliability criteria while also addressing practical considerations, including ease of administration, adaptation to diverse facility settings, and alignment with the requirements of educators in the field.
Motor and Social Responses of Down Syndrome Children in Adaptive Tennis Training
This study aims to explore the involvement of children with Down Syndrome in adaptive tennis training sessions through a descriptive qualitative approach. The method used is direct participatory observation during the training program for two weeks, with a frequency of twice a week. The subjects of the study consisted of children aged 6 to 14 years. Data were collected through structured observation sheets, field notes, video documentation, and light interviews with coaches and parents. The focus of observation was directed at two main aspects, namely motor aspects (coordination, balance, strength, agility, and response to instructions) and social aspects (interaction with coaches and peers, emotional expression, and participation in groups). The observation instrument was developed based on motor development literature such as Life Span Motor Development (Haywood, 2014) and Understanding Motor Development (Gallahue, 2012), with an assessment scale. The results of the study indicate that adaptive tennis training can facilitate the improvement of gross motor skills and social abilities of children with Down Syndrome. This study recommends the use of a similar model in adaptive tennis training activities in clubs, schools and communities.
Evaluation Of The Fitness Level Of Elementary School Students Using Vo2max Through Multi-Stage Fitness Test Methodevaluation Of The Fitness Level Of Elementary School Students Using Vo2max Through Multi-Stage Fitness Test Method
This study evaluates the fitness level of elementary school students by measuring VO2max using the Multi-Stage Fitness Test (MFT) method. A quantitative descriptive design was used with 36 students (20 males and 16 females) participating in the fitness test. The results showed that the average VO2max for male students was 33.7 mL/kg/min, while for female students it was 28.0 mL/kg/min. Both groups were found to be below the ideal fitness category, highlighting a concerning level of physical fitness that may impact their health and cognitive development. Factors influencing fitness levels included physical activity, understanding of nutrition, and the effectiveness of physical education programs. The study underscores the need for structured, engaging physical education initiatives to increase students' participation in physical activity and potentially improve their overall fitness and health outcomes.
Mapping the Future of Indonesian Sports: A Systematic Review of Policy Analysis and Implementation
Sport holds a strategic role in Indonesia’s national development, contributing to public health, community empowerment, and the cultivation of high-performing athletes. In response, the government has introduced various sports policies to enhance public participation and improve the overall quality of sports development. However, despite these efforts, the implementation of sports policies still encounters numerous challenges, including limited financial support, suboptimal management of sports facilities, and weak coordination among stakeholders. This study aims to systematically analyze the development and implementation of sports policies in Indonesia and identify the major obstacles and potential improvements. Using the PRISMA method, a systematic review was conducted based on literature from databases such as Garuda, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost, covering the period from 2017 to 2025. Ten qualitative studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The review found that while certain policies have positively influenced public engagement in sports, critical issues remain unresolved. The findings highlight the need for better budgeting, improved infrastructure management, enhanced collaboration between government agencies and sports organizations, and stronger community support. Recommendations include increasing investment in sports, improving facility accessibility and quality, and strengthening inter-agency coordination to achieve sustainable sports development. This review provides evidence-based insights to inform future policy formulation and supports the broader objective of advancing Indonesia’s sports ecosystem.
Petanque Shot Dynamics: Effect of Swing Angle, Speed, and Release Angle at Distances of 6,7,8,9 Meters
This study is supposed to analyze the influence of swing angle, movement speed, and release angle on shooting dynamics at 6, 7, 8, and 9 meters in petanque sport. This study used a non-experimental method with quantitative descriptive approach, on 45 male shooting players at PON XXI pre-qualification national championship. Data were collected utilizing Kinovea software and descriptive and inferential statistical test (bivariate correlation). The results revealed that swing angle back, swing speed, and release angle together accounted for most of the shot outcome at all distances. The efficacy of shooting techniques in reducing distance, with maximum contribution at a distance of 7 meters (R Square 0.920) and minimum at a distance of 8 meters (R Square 0.556). The swing speed and back swing angle are optimal at short throws (6 meters), while the release angle is relatively stable at medium throws (6-7 meters). The current study stresses the necessity for adaptive training to develop skills for acquiring back swing, swing speed, and release in order to improve petanque players' performance under varied throwing conditions.
Evaluation of Fitness Level of Elementary School in Surabaya through MFT Test
This study aimed to evaluate the physical fitness level of elementary school students in Surabaya using the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT). A descriptive quantitative method was applied to 120 students in grades 4-6 with data collection through a 20-meter shuttle run protocol synchronized with bleep audio. VO2Max results were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 to categorize fitness status based on Ministry of Education and Culture standards. The data showed 45% of the sample fell into the “deficient” (VO2Max 25-35 mL/kg/min) and 30% “very deficient” (<25 mL/kg/min) categories, with only 15% reaching the “good” category. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences between male (mean VO2Max 32.7±4.2) and female (28.9±3.8) students. , VO2max in children is a reliable indicator of general health, with lower VO₂max values linked to a higher chance of developing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in later life. According to research, during childhood and adolescence, VO₂max tends to climb with age, with boys often showing a more noticeable rise than girls. However, research is still being done to determine whether exercise training can help kids increase their VO₂max. Although children can be aerobically trained, the amount of improvement in VO₂max that occurs after physical training is often less than that of adults and depends on a number of factors, including age, maturation, and the particulars of the training regiment. Children's VO₂max is also influenced by a number of clinical, functional, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors, such as motivation, physical activity levels, and cardiac and pulmonary function. The importance of VO₂max as a crucial indicator for pediatric health assessment and intervention is highlighted by the fact that children with chronic illnesses, such as hereditary heart disorders, frequently have much lower VO₂max values than their healthy peers
Sports Nutrition Knowledge among Sub-Elite Finswimming Athletes
Nutrition is crucial for optimal growth and athletic performance, yet Indonesian athletes often underestimate its importance. Studies show no significant differences in dietary attitudes among various levels of athletes, with conflicting findings on the link between nutritional knowledge and performance. Finswimming, governed by the Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia (KONI), requires high physical fitness, but many athletes are classified as obese. This highlights the need for better nutrition education to achieve a healthy body mass index. Misconceptions and lack of knowledge about nutrition negatively impact athletes' food choices. This study evaluates finswimming athletes' nutrition knowledge and its correlation with their dietary habits. This study surveyed 30 finswimming athletes in East Java, comprising 13 men and 17 women, using a questionnaire to collect data. Quantitative descriptive analysis was employed to interpret the results, utilizing descriptive statistical methods and Microsoft Excel for data analysis. The study found a significant correlation between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among finswimming athletes. Advanced trainees had better nutritional knowledge. 80% correctly identified protein sources, but most had low overall nutrition knowledge, especially about consulting nutritionists and fluid intake. The average score of 43 indicates a need for improved nutrition education to enhance performance and health. The study revealed that the respondents had limited nutrition knowledge, particularly about consulting nutritionists and understanding fluid intake, although 80% knew their protein sources. With an average score of 43, there's a clear need for better nutrition education. Improving this knowledge would help athletes make smarter choices, enhancing their performance and overall health.
Correlation Between The Physical Activities and Physical Fitness Towards The Risk Musculoskeletal Disorder Of E-Sport Athletes
This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and physical fitness on the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in E-sport athletes PORDA Yogyakarta City. A quantitative research design with a correlational approach was used, with a population of 29 E-sport athletes who are members of the Yogyakarta City PORDA team. Data collection was carried out using validated instruments, such as the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Nordic Body Map, and physical fitness tests such as the Back Strength Test, Hand Grip Test, and 12-minute Cooper test. The results showed that physical activity has a significant relationship with musculoskeletal disorder complaints in several parts of the athlete's body, with a Sig.<0.05 value and a negative correlation between -0.314 to -0.551. Physical fitness also had a significant association with musculoskeletal disorder (Sig.<0.05 and r 0.412-0.544). These findings indicate the importance of physical fitness in preventing musculoskeletal disorders and improving athlete performance. Further research is recommended to examine the effectiveness of physical training programs in reducing the risk of injury and improving the performance of E-sport athletes.
Concentration Exercises for Volleyball Players: A Systematic Review
The purpose of this study is to analyze research on the importance of concentration and concentration training in volleyball players. The research method used is a systematic review of journal articles and proceedings Google Scholar, Scopus, Web Of Science and PubMed databases. Researchers use a framework with inclusion criteria, namely concentration exercises for volleyball players, and exclusion criteria, namely articles published in non-reputable journals in fake journals. The results of this research are volleyball coaches and sports psychologists should encourage players to focus on the target areas that the coach has planned to improve player performance. Good concentration is essential in decision making on the court. In a matter of seconds, a player must evaluate the situation, determine the most appropriate action, and carry it out. This involves quickly processing visual and tactile information, such as the position of opponents and teammates. Players who are able to maintain focus are more likely to make strategic decisions that benefit the team, both in attack and defense.Forms of concentration training for volleyball players based on this study include attention training, drills with visualization and reaction training, mental training and meditation. In addition, adequate rest (sleep) is also an important factor in maintaining player concentration.
Effectiveness Analysis of Phase A Basic Movement Learning in Primary Schools
Proficiency in fundamental movement abilities within physical education significantly contributes to the motor development of primary school-aged children. This period is critical, marked by the maturation of the neuromuscular system and bodily coordination, whereby the acquisition of fundamental motions influences not only physical capabilities but also cognitive, social, and emotional development in children. The Merdeka curriculum, particularly in phase A, aims to enhance fundamental movement skills through a holistic, learner-centered methodology that promotes active engagement via physical activity. Nonetheless, the application of this education in practice frequently encounters challenges, including tedious instructional techniques, inadequate infrastructure, and minimal student engagement. This study seeks to assess the efficacy of fundamental movement learning in phase A within primary schools by identifying facilitating and obstructive elements in meeting learning objectives. The employed methodology is descriptive analytic, utilizing a survey technique and case studies across several elementary schools that have adopted the Merdeka Curriculum. Data collecting methodologies encompass observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The data were evaluated numerically using descriptive statistics and qualitatively through a thematic approach. The findings of this study are anticipated to provide an empirical contribution to the advancement of physical education science and serve as a foundation for devising more adaptable, contextual, and inclusive learning strategies tailored to the needs and characteristics of early learners.
Effect of Shadow Boxing Exercises on Body Fat Percentage
Obesity is a global health problem which is a condition characterized by excessive body fat percentage that increases the risk of serious health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea. Physical activity (PA) plays a critical role in both preventing and treating obesity by influencing energy balance, metabolic health, and body composition. One form of PA that is shadow boxing exercise. The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a six-week shadow boxing exercise program in reducing the BFP of university students. The study was designed as a six-week experimental intervention, involving 67 undergraduate students (20 male, 47 female) 18-20 years old from State University of Surabaya. Participants engaged in a shadow boxing exercise regimen on alternating days. Each session comprised four rounds of four-minute exercises with one-minute breaks between each round, totaling 20 minutes per session. BFP was measured before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software, the data were not normally with using the kolmogorov-smirnov method and the data was performed using the wilcoxon signed-rank test. The study started with an average BFP of 28.3164 % then a post-test was conducted after six weeks and resulted in an average BFP of 25.9821 %. Statistically significant reductions in BFP were observed in the sixth weeks (p = 0.000). These findings suggest the potential efficacy of shadow boxing exercises in BFP control and weight reduction strategies among young adults.
The Impact of Naturalization Policy on National Football Team and The Economy
The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical information and solutions regarding the impact of naturalization policies on the ootnational football team, the development of football in Indonesia, and the economic aspects. This research uses Mixed Methods, which is an approach to investigate issues related to behavior, social, and health by rigorously collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data is obtained from secondary data collected from various sources, while qualitative data is obtained from in-depth interviews with Experts Judgment related to the research issues. The quantitative data presents a comparison of the usage of naturalized players versus local players in the Senior National Team from 2011 to 2025. The Experts Judgment involved in the research includes three coaches who have managed the national team: Jacksen F Tiago, Fakhri Husaini, and Widodo Cahyono Putro, along with a football agent from Indonesia, Gabriel Budi. This research also explores the responses from the public regarding PSSI's policy on the use of naturalized players, as well as data from economic aspects such as national team match ticket sales, broadcasting rights, and merchandise sales. Based on the results of research and discussions among experts, the conclusions of this study can be stated that the policy of naturalizing players: (1) can improve the performance of the national team; (2) has an impact on the economic sector; (3) decreases opportunities for local players to enter the national team; and (4) there is a need for improvement in the governance of national football
I Dewa Made Aryananda WK Made Aryananda WK
Analysis of Self-Efficacy Among PPG Teachers in the Implementation of Physical Education Learning
The high demands for professionalism in education, along with teachers' lack of competence, are linked to an increased prevalence of stress. This study aims to examine the self-efficacy of teachers participating in the Teacher Professional Education (PPG) program. The research utilized a survey method, modifying the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) instrument, which was validated with a result of rₕᵢₜ = 0.76 > rₜₐₕ = 0.33, indicating that all items were valid. The reliability test produced an alpha value greater than 0.90, reflecting high reliability. Accidental sampling was employed to select 44 respondents. The results indicated that 81.8% of respondents exhibited positive self-efficacy, while 18.2% displayed negative self-efficacy, with the predominant category being "moderate" at 50%. Further research is recommended to explore the impact of the PPG program through comparative studies among teachers who have not participated, are currently participating, or have completed the program.
Development Of Pencak Silat Learning Model Based On Game Modification To Improve Gross Motor Ability Of Elementary School Children Phase C In Malang City
This study uses a descriptive model that aims to develop an effective, safe, and interesting game-based pencak silat learning model to improve gross motor skills of elementary school children. The method used is a simplified Borg and Gall research and development (R&D) model. The subjects of the study involved fifth grade students from 3 elementary schools in Malang City. The product developed is a module with 11 types of games, namely Silat Arah Ajaib, Squid Game Pencak Silat, Elak Tangkap, Ikuti Gerakanku, Elak Estafet, Silat Ninja, Engklek Ceria, Silat Jump Rope, Guardian of the Secret Gate, Secret Code of Silat, and Tembak Menara. Product validation was carried out by 3 experts, material experts who gave a 100% assessment for clarity, accuracy, suitability, ease, and completeness, but only 75% for attractiveness, so it is recommended to increase the attractiveness of the material. Media experts gave a score of 83% for clarity, 100% for accuracy, ease, and attractiveness, 92% for suitability, and 88% for completeness, with a note that there needs to be improvement in the clarity and completeness of the media. Meanwhile, practitioner experts gave 100% for clarity, accuracy, suitability, ease, and completeness, and 88% for attractiveness, indicating that the module is very feasible to use with slight improvements in the attractiveness aspect. Material, media, and practitioner experts showed an average score above 83% in all aspects. Small and large group trials produced an average student response score above 97% for the indicators of clarity, suitability, accuracy, ease, and attractiveness. The results show that this model is valid and feasible to be applied in PJOK learning, and should be further applied in order to effectively improve students' gross motor skills. In addition, this model introduces pencak silat in a fun, contextual way, and is full of character values such as sportsmanship, cooperation, and courage
Neglected Digital Archiving: An Ideological Critique Towards the Roadmap for Indonesian Education 2025-2045 and Cultural Sustainability
This study critically evaluates the Indonesian Education Roadmap 2025–2045 from the perspective of educational ideology, focusing on the absence of a digital cultural archiving strategy as a foundation for sustaining national identity. In the era of technological advancement, digitizing cultural heritage is essential for intergenerational knowledge transmission. Yet the roadmap emphasizes system efficiency, workforce competencies, and market readiness, while cultural preservation is mentioned only symbolically without operational strategies. Using Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, the research examines dominant narratives, lexical choices, and silences in the Bappenas document. The findings are contrasted with international frameworks, including UNESCO’s Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage (2003) and cultural education policies in South Korea and Japan, which integrate digital cultural archiving into education systems. The analysis shows the dominance of technocratic and neoliberal ideologies, positioning education primarily as an instrument of economic growth rather than as a custodian of cultural memory. This absence undermines the role of education in safeguarding arts, languages, and cultural expressions, leaving them vulnerable in the digital era. The study concludes by emphasizing the urgency of embedding digital cultural archiving in the curriculum, teacher training, and cross-sectoral collaborations to ensure education contributes to both workforce preparation and the preservation of national identity.
The Future of Fine Arts Education in the AI Era: Student Creativity in Developing Visual Learning Media
This article examines the transformation of the role of Fine Arts Education students in developing visual learning media based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study seeks to capture the meaning, processes, and dynamics of change in art education practices that emphasize creativity and visual expression. The findings show that AI is utilized as a collaborative partner in the creative process, ranging from the creation of illustrations and animations to pedagogically relevant interactive designs. AI not only accelerates media production but also enables the personalization of learning content according to the needs and characteristics of students. In this context, students act as visual curators who combine artistic intuition, digital ethics, and technological skills. However, the integration of AI requires critical digital literacy, ethical awareness, and an understanding of issues such as copyright, algorithmic bias, and social responsibility. In line with these findings, the study highlights four key objectives: (1) enhancing creativity through human–AI collaboration, (2) increasing the efficiency of visual learning media production, (3) creating personalized learning media through the adoption of AI tools, and (5) strengthening critical digital literacy as well as ethical awareness in the use of AI. Therefore, a comprehensive and adaptive fine arts curriculum is essential to equip students with balanced technical and reflective skills in addressing the challenges of the digital era.
Identifying the Distinctive Style of the Novel Utsukushisa to Kanashimin To「美しさと哀しみと」by Kawabata Yasunari Through Narration Style based on Context
Every literary work is uniquely written by its author. Writers also have distinctive styles that are reflected in the elements that shape their novels. Japanese author Kawabata Yasunari, through his novel Utsukushisa to Kanashimi To (UTKT), attracts scholars’ attention for its narrative style, novel elements, and the author’s distinctive style that reveals his thoughts and emotions. This novel is particularly distinguished by its language, which enables readers to visualize a vivid, comprehensive, and persuasive world. The language's distinctiveness and originality in the novel can be examined through linguistic parameters and stylistic studies. The specific purpose of this research is to describe peculiarities of narrating style based on context. This research employed content analysis methods to examine the structural elements and Kawabata's characteristics in the narratives and dialogues of Kawabata's novels. The result shows that the distinctiveness of language use in the UTKT novel is manifested in the diction through the coherent use of elements and Kawabata’s symbolic style. Through this finding, this research contributes to the understanding of language styles that are fundamental in determining the uniqueness of a novel, thus connecting all the characters with their settings.
Assessing Speaking Skills Through E-Assessment: A Systematic Review for Advancing Language Evaluation in Indonesian Language Education
Speaking skill assessment is a vital component of Indonesian language learning; however, its implementation often faces persistent challenges, particularly in capturing the nuances of students’ spoken expressions and vocabulary use. This study proposes an innovative approach by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a supportive tool for speaking assessment. Drawing on speech recognition technology and natural language processing (NLP), AI enables the automatic recording, transcription, and analysis of learners’ oral performances. Through a literature review of Scopus-indexed sources, this conceptual research examines the application of e-assessment in speaking skills, identifies the technologies and platforms involved, and evaluates both advantages and challenges. Findings suggest that AI-assisted assessment offers significant benefits, including improved objectivity, reduced teacher workload, enhanced time efficiency, and the provision of timely, in-depth feedback. Nonetheless, limitations remain, such as the need for dialect-sensitive models, infrastructure readiness, and adherence to ethical data practices. This study concludes with recommendations for future development, emphasizing contextually relevant AI systems, teacher training, and ethical frameworks to ensure fair, accurate, and culturally responsive speaking assessment in the Indonesian language context.
Rapid 3D Building Mapping Using An iPhone LIDAR Sensor to Support Sustainable Insfrastructure Digitalization in Line with SDGs 9 And 11: A Case Study Of SMP Negeri 2 Bangsal, Indonesia
Technological advancements have driven a shift from manual to automated mapping methods, one of which is through the use of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology. This technology enables fast and accurate three-dimensional (3D) mapping, especially in hard-to-reach areas. In the field of education, accurate spatial data is essential to support the Adiwiyata program, which emphasizes environmentally friendly and sustainable school spatial planning. This study aims to produce a 2D map of the SMP Negeri 2 Bangsal building as part of support for the program. The method used is rapid 3D mapping with a LiDAR sensor on the iPhone 15 Pro Max using a Research and Development (R&D) approach, involving data collection, planning, and development stages. Scanning was conducted dynamically across six zones based on room function. The point cloud data was cleaned using CloudCompare software, then reconstructed into a 3D model and converted into a 2D format using AutoCAD. The results show that mobile LiDAR technology offers a fast, efficient, and reasonably accurate solution for school infrastructure mapping. The resulting map supports green space management and the layout of educational facilities in a more effective and sustainable manner.
Integrated VSD-PLC-HMI Based Speed Control System For Three-Phase Induction Motor In Vertical Drive Applications
This study presents the design and implementation of a speed regulation system for a three-phase induction motor using a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) integrated with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Human Machine Interface (HMI). The system was developed to address the limitations of previous studies, which focused primarily on soft starting or braking functions without real-time control integration. The proposed system enables soft starting, precise speed regulation, and voltage control through real-time frequency adjustments. Under experimental testing, the motor achieved a stable speed of 1500 RPM at 50 Hz, with startup current limited to 0.94 A under no-load and 1.3 A under load conditions. Voltage output was consistently linear, reaching up to 381 V (no-load) and 369 V (with load), indicating reliable performance across the frequency range. Compared to earlier works, this system demonstrates improved integration and feedback responsiveness, making it suitable for industrial applications that require efficient and adaptive motor control.
Performance Analysis of Touch Voltage Protection System Based on Leakage Current
Electrical touch due to leakage current is still one of the causes of occupational safety risks in electric power installations. For this reason, a touch voltage protection system needs to be designed to be able to detect leakage currents quickly and accurately. This research aims to test the performance of touch voltage protection systems both without recloser and with recloser that works automatically. The methods used include designing a protection relay-based system, using a ZMCT103C current sensor as a leakage current detector, and testing the circuit with a variety of resistors and tripping currents between 10-30 mA. The hardware is designed using a combination of incandescent lamp loads and relays, while the software regulates the logic of circuit disconnection and recovery through the recloser. The test results show the average relay disconnection time is in the range of 0.27-0.32 seconds in the system without recloser and 0.24-0.36 seconds in the system with recloser. The current sensor has an average error value of 2% with a standard deviation of 1.6 mA readings. The protection success rate reached 100% in the low resistance leakage current test. In conclusion, the tested touch voltage protection system has a fast, accurate response, and is able to provide effective protection against the risk of electric shock.
Design and Construction of an IoT-Based Motor Vehicle Security Control and Monitoring System with Google Assistant and GPS
The development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology is driving the development of smarter and more integrated motor vehicle security systems. This research designs an IoT-based vehicle control and monitoring system connected to GPS and Google Assistant. The system allows users to track location in real time, control the engine via voice commands, and receive notifications when the vehicle exits a designated zone. Test results show that the response time for Google Assistant and Telegram notifications averages 1–2 seconds, geofencing accuracy reaches ±1–4 meters, and GPS is capable of pinpointing the location based on actual conditions. Furthermore, the vibration sensor proved sensitive, outputting a value of 4095 when detecting vibrations. These findings demonstrate that the system performs reliably in tracking, controlling, and providing alerts, while improving user safety and comfort when accessing the vehicle.
Design and Construction of A Corn Sheller Powered By A Solar Power System With an ESP32 Based Control System in Sukosewu Village Gandusari Subdistrict Blitar Regency
This study aims to design a corn sheller machine based on a solar power generator with an ESP32 microcontroller in Sukosewu Village, Gandusari District, Blitar Regency. The machine uses a 50 Wp solar panel and a 12V 22Ah LiFePO₄ battery as its power source. A 1200W DC-DC Step-Up Converter boosts the voltage to 18V for the DC motor 895, while a DC-DC Step-Down XL4015 lowers it to 5V for the ESP32, INA260 sensor, relay, HX711, and I2C LCD. Test results show the solar panel generates an average of 42.64 Watts per day, requiring about 5 days to charge the battery to 80%. The INA260 sensor shows an average error of 7.74% for voltage, 7.06% for current, and 1.36% for power compared to a digital multimeter, while the Load Cell shows an average error of 0.82 % compared to a digital scale. This device achieves a productivity rate of 7.604 grams per second, while the traditional method only reaches 1.946 grams per second, a difference of 5.673 grams. The average efficiency using the device reaches 77.88%, while the traditional method only achieves 62.74%. These results indicate the device operates efficiently.
Solar Panel System for an Automatic Bird Pest Repellent (Scarecrow) Driven by a DC Motor
Bird pests, especially sparrows, are a major problem for rice farmers as they frequently attack crops nearing harvest. This study aims to design and develop an automatic bird repellent device that utilizes movement and sound generated by a scarecrow driven by a DC motor, with solar panels serving as the primary power source. The system consists of two main components: a control system (Tx) and an execution unit (Rx), connected via a LoRa communication module. A 150 Wp monocrystalline solar panel is used to supply power and charge a 100 Ah LiFePO4 battery as backup. The scarecrow operates in a 22-minute active and 8-minute idle cycle, generating noise using cans filled with stones, designed to mimic a piston mechanism. Test results show the solar panel can produce an average power of 90.06 watts under clear conditions and 64.42 watts during cloudy weather. The scarecrow has an effective reach of up to 45 meters, covering an area of approximately 405 m². This system has proven effective in repelling birds and offers a cost-efficient, environmentally friendly solution to reduce farmers’ reliance on conventional methods and improve crop yields.
Design of a Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Monitoring System Using Telegram with an LM2596 Input Voltage Module
Public health is a collective effort to improve quality of life through disease prevention and promotion of healthy lifestyles. One of the important indicators in maintaining health is blood pressure and pulse rate, as both are closely related to the risk of diseases such as hypertension. This research aims to design a sensor-based health monitoring system that can measure blood pressure using the MPX5050GP sensor and pulse rate with the MAX30100 sensor. The system is also equipped with a buzzer as a warning and a remote data transmission feature via Telegram. The method used is experimental, by comparing the sensor results against standard tools (tensimeter and oximeter) to obtain the percentage error and analyze its feasibility. Results show that the MAX30100 sensor has a low error, between 1,40% to 2,01%, with an average of 1,69% against the pulse oximeter, demonstrating its reliability for real-time pulse monitoring in non- clinical applications. The MPX5050GP sensor also demonstrated high accuracy with systolic error between 0,60% to 2,8% and diastolic between 1,51% to 2,54% against the digital tensimeter. These findings prove that both sensors are feasible to use for personal health monitoring systems. It is hoped that this system can help individuals with unstable health conditions and increase public awareness in controlling health conditions independently and sustainably.
Revit-Based QMTO Optimization as an Efficiency Strategy in Sustainable Construction Practices: A Case Study of the P2 Foundation of the Main Building of the KPwBI Office in Indonesia
Structural work, particularly foundations, is a vital component in building construction projects that demands high accuracy in calculating material quantities. This research aims to optimize the Quantity Material Take-Off (QMTO) process for the P2 foundation type (1500 × 900 × 800 mm) by comparing conventional 2D drawing-based methods with digital methods using Building Information Modeling (BIM) through Autodesk Revit. The research method applied is Research and Development (R&D), which includes stages of data collection, planning, and 3D model development. The analysis results show that BIM Revit can generate more precise digital models and support automated and verifiable QMTO processes. The concrete volume discrepancy between the conventional and Revit methods is −0.180 m³ (−0.926%), the rebar difference is +2066.040 kg (+229.293%), while the number of pile points remains identical. Technical evaluation proves that Revit is capable of detecting actual geometry and detailed structural configurations comprehensively, resulting in more accurate quantity data. The implementation of Autodesk Revit-based BIM has been proven to improve efficiency, material estimation accuracy, and data reliability in structural foundation planning while also supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 9 (industry and infrastructure innovation), SDG 11 (resilient and sustainable construction), and SDG 12 (efficient and responsible material consumption), through automated calculations, error reduction, and transparency of construction material data.
Design And Development Of An Ac Motor Speed Control And Monitoring System Based On Whatsapp Api And Sugeno Fuzzy Logic
As the demand for efficient and accessible automation systems increases, integrating widely used communication platforms such as WhatsApp offers a promising solution for control and monitoring applications. This study proposes the design and implementation of a fan speed control system for an AC motor using the WhatsApp API integrated with Sugeno fuzzy logic. The system automatically adjusts fan speed based on two key parameters: ambient temperature and the estimated number of occupants in the room, enabling adaptive and intelligent control. An experimental approach was employed to evaluate system performance across various operational scenarios, focusing on command execution accuracy, the effectiveness of fuzzy logic rule implementation, and the reliability of anomaly detection through alert generation. Test results demonstrate that the system can execute user commands with high precision and deliver responsive automated actions. Furthermore, the integration of fuzzy logic ensures appropriate fan speed adjustments in dynamic environments. This approach not only improves energy efficiency but also enhances user convenience by utilizing WhatsApp a platform that users are already familiar with as the primary communication interface.
Empowering the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Learning Two-Dimensional Digital Illustration Art for Students of SMK Labschool UNESA
This study explores the empowerment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in two-dimensional digital illustration learning at SMA Labschool UNESA. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation to analyze the impact of AI on the learning process. The findings reveal that AI effectively enhances students' motivation, engagement, as well as creative and technical skills. AI also provides a more interactive, personalized, and efficient learning experience, allowing students to develop their competencies at their own pace. However, AI integration still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure and teacher readiness. This research recommends the need for teacher training, AI-integrated curriculum development, and improved facilities to maximize AI's potential in art learning. The results are expected to serve as a reference for developing technology-based art education innovations in the digital era.
Exploring the Potential of BIM-Based QTO for Hospital Structural Work to Support SDGs through Sustainable Construction
Quantity Take-Off (QTO) is a critical stage in the planning and execution of construction projects, particularly in ensuring the accurate and efficient calculation of material requirements. QTO methods can be performed using conventional approaches or through Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based systems. The use of BIM in the QTO process has proven to enhance time efficiency, improve the accuracy of material volume calculations, and facilitate data validation and revisions. Case studies on hospital construction projects in Semarang, Samarinda, and Boyolali demonstrate that BIM can reduce calculation errors to as little as 1–2% and decrease structural costs by up to 9.25%. This is particularly crucial for hospital projects that require high precision in structural planning. Moreover, the application of green construction principles and environmental impact assessments using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method represent strategic approaches to support sustainable development. Despite its advantages, BIM implementation still faces significant challenges, including high software licensing costs, a lack of skilled professionals, and limited government support. These barriers are commonly found in regions such as Bali, Jambi, and various areas in Malaysia. Therefore, to maximize the potential of BIM in enhancing efficiency and sustainability in construction projects, a synergy is needed between human resource development, government policy, and the standardization of BIM practices in the field.
Commodification of Ulos Silahisabungan in Cultural Dynamics
Ulos Silahisabungan is a form of intangible cultural heritage imbued with philosophical, symbolic, and spiritual values within the Batak community. As a medium of social communication and a marker of genealogical status, this traditional textile plays a vital role in various ritual ceremonies. However, with the development of the creative economy and tourism in the Lake Toba region, Ulos Silahisabungan has undergone a process of commodification—the transformation from a sacred cultural artifact into an economic commodity. This study aims to examine the forms, functions, and meanings of Ulos Silahisabungan, as well as the cultural impacts of its commodification. Employing a phenomenological approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings reveal that while commodification opens economic opportunities for the local community, it also risks diminishing the sacred meanings embedded in the textile. Therefore, community-based preservation strategies are essential, including cultural documentation, multicultural education, and legal protection of traditional intellectual property. This study underscores the importance of balancing economic needs with the sustainability of cultural values in indigenous communities amidst globalization.
Literary Tourism: The Story of Ni Diah Tantri in the Ceiling of Kerta Gosa, Klungkung, Bali
The purpose of this study was to examine the narrative structures of the Ni Diah Tantri story, as well as the Hindu ideals it contains, and to determine whether it may be used to generate literary tourism in Klungkung Regency, Bali. The Ni Diah Tantri narrative, displayed on the ceiling of Kerta Gosa in the form of Kamasan puppet paintings, is a one-of-a-kind visual literary masterpiece of great cultural significance. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with procedures including literature review, visual observation, interviews with expert informants, and documentation. The findings revealed that the story of Ni Diah Tantri incorporates spiritual virtues like self-control, compassion, and loyalty, all of which are consistent with Hindu beliefs. This story can be used as a means of storytelling to enhance the appeal of cultural tourism in Klungkung when combined with a tourist literary strategy. In order to promote the transformation of literary works into a sustainable tourist destination branding force, this study recommends cross-sector collaboration between academics, tourism actors, and cultural conservationists.
Aspects of the Javanese Language and Its Preservation
The current millennial era has witnessed a decline in the support for the preservation and advancement of Javanese as a mother tongue among the younger generation. The frequency of errors that transpire in the application of Javanese demonstrates the carelessness with which individuals employ the language. In actuality, each language has regulations about writing, linguistic combinations, pronunciation, and vocabulary choice, which serve as the foundation for language utilization. The frequent occurrence of errors in their application demonstrates that Javanese language users often fail to observe these principles adequately. Prevalent errors manifest in both written and spoken forms of the Javanese language. There are numerous misspellings, improper pronunciation, and inappropriate selections of speech levels. However, errors in the organization of Javanese sentences are a recurring problem, regardless of whether children, adolescents (the newer generation) or parents make them. Subjects that are not clearly defined are frequently found in sentences composed by speakers or writers. In addition, the arrangement of words into clauses or phrases, which is recurrently impacted by the utilization of Indonesian language structures, presents additional challenges. The persistent presence of Javanese vocabulary and various forms of ‘ngoko alus’ and ‘krama alus’ impede effective communication. Therefore, in the face of the onslaught of global culture, it is necessary to make serious and continuous efforts to protect, develop, and foster the Javanese language, literature, script, and culture in a structured and massive manner through the involvement of experts and practitioners as well as regional government intervention, so that they become true identities for their owners.
A Global View Of Good Vs Evil In The Bharatayudha War
This study aims to describe the Javanese society/culture's perspective on "good" versus "evil," as well as its differences from the perspectives of global society/culture (represented by China and Israel). This study includes textual analysis, interpretation, and comparative literary analysis. The textual analysis method uses structural analysis techniques. The interpretation uses hermeneutics. The comparative literary analysis uses the theory of the new school. Analysis using comparative literary theory found that the Bharatayudha War, fought between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, is interpreted as a war between good and evil. The Pandavas symbolize goodness, while the Kauravas symbolize evil. This story also illustrates the background of the Javanese worldview, which states that in this world, there are two opposing elements: good and evil. For a peaceful world, evil must be eradicated. This Javanese view of good and evil differs from Chinese culture and the Bible. In Chinese culture, this view of good and evil is reflected in the Yin-Yang philosophy. Chinese culture believes that good and evil do not need to negate each other, but rather that harmony can be found in their conflict. In the Bible, the view of good and evil is expressed in the parable of the wheat and the tares (Matthew 13:24-30). Evil does not need to be eliminated for the body to be good. Evil only requires repentance so that it does not interfere with the growth of goodness in this world. Thus, Javanese culture views good and evil differently from Chinese culture and the Bible.
From Sheet to Screen: The Transformation of Javanese Literature and the Reception Pattern of Generation Z
This article discusses the reception of modern Javanese literature among Generation Z, focusing on changes in current readers' interests and preferences. This research starts from the phenomenon of declining interest among the youth in reading Javanese language texts, especially modern literary works. Through a qualitative approach using literature study and interviews, this study finds that the shift in preferences is caused by factors such as digitalization, the dominance of global popular culture, and the transformation of values in Javanese society. The study results show that Generation Z has a complex relationship with modern Javanese literature. On one hand, they demonstrate an interest in local cultural expressions that are packaged creatively and digitally, such as geguritan in the form of dangdut koplo song lyrics, short video parodies, Javanese language memes, or poetry content on YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram. On the other hand, their depth of understanding regarding the content, values, and aesthetics of Javanese literature is still limited. This is influenced by their fast-paced, visual, and instant information consumption patterns, as well as the lack of integration of Javanese literature in digital spaces that are relevant to them. As a result, there is a shift in preferences and forms of reception compared to previous generations. This calls for a new approach in the preservation and transmission of Javanese literary values. This article offers a critical reflection on how modern Javanese literature can be revitalized through technology- and education-based adaptive strategies.
The Application of Prasi in Balinese Script Writing Learning as an Effort to Introduce Local Wisdom Values in Senior High Schools
Culture-based learning can be applied to the learning process to instill the value of local wisdom in the study of the Balinese language using Prasi media. Prasi is an ancient tradition of writing on palm leaves that contains stories about tattwa, tantri, and other knowledge. This study will examine the effectiveness of using Prasi media to learn Balinese script and instill the values of the writing tradition. The study was conducted in class XII.A4 of SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja through classroom action research with a quantitative and qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects of the study were the students of class XII.A4, and the focus of the study was learning to write Balinese script using Prasi media. The results showed that the data collection methods included observation, project assignments, and questionnaires. This study increased understanding of Balinese script writing by 78.4%, and student responses were excellent. This study demonstrated that Prasi media increases students' interest in and ability to write Balinese script, as well as their understanding of the values of the Lontar writing tradition.
Digital Based Creativity in Writing Makassar’s Poetry by Students of the Regional Language and Literature Education Program FBS UNM
This study aims to evaluate the creativity level of students in the Regional Language and Literature Education Study Program in writing Makassar poetry using digital media. The assessment was based on four main aspects: appropriateness of the image theme, use of figurative language, mastery of poetic elements, and creativity in performance. Two independent raters scored each aspect, with the scores averaged to obtain a final score, which was then converted into a value ranging from 0 to 100. The results indicate that 63.3% of students were categorized as Highly Creative, 33.3% as Creative, and 3.3% as Moderately Creative. No students fell into the Less Creative category. The highest scores (95.0) were achieved by LNU and RRR, while the lowest score (69.5) was obtained by NA. Students with the highest scores demonstrated optimal integration of visual themes, figurative language, and poetic elements, while those with the lowest scores tended to lack consistency in visual themes and figurative language development. These findings support Kembong Daeng’s (2024) view that digital media can expand imagination and enrich local literary works when guided appropriately. In conclusion, digital media plays a significant role in local literature learning, and the integration of technology with collaborative approaches and constructive feedback can enhance students’ creativity in writing Makassar poetry.
The Ability of Javanese Language Teachers in Semarang City to Conduct Cognitive Diagnostic Assessments
There is still much variation in how people understand diagnostic assessment and how it is done. This is also true for Javanese language teachers in Semarang. This study aims to describe how well Javanese language teachers in Semarang can do diagnostic assessments. The data for this study are from documents about diagnostic assessments done by Javanese language teachers in Semarang. The data sources for this study were Javanese language teachers in Semarang City. Data were collected using document analysis, questionnaires, and interviews. The instruments used were data cards, questionnaires, and interview guidelines. Data were validated using triangulation techniques. The validated data were then analyzed using content analysis, which involved categorizing the data into the diagnostic assessment preparation, implementation, and follow-up stages. The study results showed that 32 (71.1%) respondents had carried out diagnostic assessment preparation and implementation stages. Fifteen (33.3%) respondents had carried out follow-up activities. This indicates that not all respondents who had carried out the diagnostic assessment preparation and implementation stages also performed follow-up activities. The following recommendations were made based on these results. Cognitive diagnostic assessment instruments must be designed for each topic with varying difficulty levels. Cognitive diagnostic assessments need to be conducted regularly, especially for new material. Follow-up activities should be conducted. This is to integrate several learning components, including diagnostic assessment, differentiated learning, formative assessment, and summative assessment.
The Metaphoric Aspects of Water in Tradiotional Sundanese Expressions
Regional languages can be expressed in various forms, including traditional expressions, whether in the form of phrases (idioms) or proverbs. Many traditional expressions contain elements of water or have a water-related nuance, which are referred to as hydrological traditional expressions. This research aims to identify and describe the metaphorical aspects and forms of hydrological traditional expressions in the Sundanese language. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive method. The data consists of hydrological traditional expressions in Sundanese, which were collected through bibliographic study techniques and intuitive techniques. The sources of this research data are books on Sundanese traditional expressions, ancient Sundanese manuscripts, and the researcher themselves. Data processing was conducted through direct element analysis techniques and hermeneutics. The research findings discovered traditional expressions that are water element-based and water-toned. Their forms can be in the form of derivative words, reduplicated words, compound words, phrases, single sentences, and compound sentences. The metaphorical aspect of traditional hydrological expressions consists of associative metaphors in word expressions and comparative metaphors in proverbs.
Hacking Character Values in the Pappaseng to Riolo Language for the Bugis Tribe Community in Sinjai Regency
This research aims to answer three basic questions, namely: 1) How is the existence of pappaseng for the Bugis community in Sinjai? Regency?; 2). What does Pappaseng mean?; 3) What is the purpose of Pappaseng? This study uses a type of oral data. To obtain this data, researchers used informants. The criteria for informants used in this study must have the following characteristics: ethnic and native Bugis speakers, fluent in Bugis, knowledgeable about Pappaseng, and 50 to 75 years old. The data collection technique used in this study is the participatory observation technique, which is a data collection technique that is carried out by the researcher directly into the lives of the people who are the object of the research carried out. The results of the study show that the heritage of local wisdom of the Bugis people is revealed in a collection of messages or wills commonly called Pasang. Paseng literally means a collection of messages or instructions. However, there are also those who view the meaning of Pappaseng as the same as the word will. This is due to its binding nature and must be followed. Pappaseng generally contains instructions on how to live and define an ideal of how the individual should live, establishing relationships with fellow human beings and the Creator. The results of Pasang research are present in the Sinjai community as a medium of moral education. Pappaseng aims to build the ideal personal qualities of society, which brings benefits to the universe. Therefore, in Pappaseng there will often be teachings about noble character which in the view of researchers can be absorbed into a good personal ideal character.
Revitalization of Javanese Language and Literature Through Digitalization of Short Stories (Cerkak) with the Novaja.id Application as an Effort to Strengthen the Preservation of Javanese Culture
The creation of the Novaja.id application, which functions as a compilation of Javanese novels, this study attempts to address the declining interest in learning Javanese. The main objective of this research is to increase the interest of the younger generation in reading Javanese literature by developing an engaging and easy-to-understand platform. The System Development Life Cycle methodology and User-Centered Design (UCD) were used in this study. With a strong focus on user experience, this strategy ensures that the application is methodically built from the design stage to maintenance. Usability testing is integrated into the development process to gather user feedback, which is essential for improving the application interface. The results show that an application is successful if it has an intuitive interface and efficient search features. Usability testing shows a high level of user satisfaction and an increased desire to learn among users. Furthermore, Novaja.id has great potential to improve the reading skills of the younger generation and enhance Javanese language skills. It is hoped that the implementation of this application can help improve literacy in Indonesia and become a model for the development of other languages and cultures.
Gender And Professionalism Of Primary School Teachers
The purpose of this study was to describe the understanding and self-development of primary school teachers after receiving certification. Self-development activities included conducting research, writing articles, and writing modules and gender literacy. This study was quantitative with a survey model. The study population consisted of public primary school teachers and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) teachers in East Java. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive random sampling. There were 247 respondents in this study. Research data was collected through questionnaires. The data analysis technique used was quantitative descriptive. The results showed that teachers did not engage in much self-development after obtaining certification. In the field of research, 51% of teachers conducted research, 24% published, 66% wrote workbooks, and 8% wrote textbooks. Writing textbooks in the form of workbooks used in their own teaching has been done by most teachers. Meanwhile, the gender literacy of primary school teachers in East Java is good. More than 50% of teachers have teaching patterns that are not gender biased. Similarly, their understanding of violence, double burden, and gender-based leadership is also good.
Project-Based Learning to Support Meaningful Learning in Elementary Schools: A Bibliometric Review
One of the current learning problems is that there is still traditional teacher learning that focuses on memorization rather than understanding concepts. This can hinder meaningful learning because students are not invited to link teaching materials with previous experience or knowledge. Project-based learning is one of the options for teachers to overcome the problem of meaningful learning. This study aims to determine the trend of writing project-based learning articles in supporting meaningful learning in elementary schools. The method used is bibliometric analysis. Research data from 72 documents published over the past 23 years, were obtained from the Scopus database. The data is stored in Microsoft Excel as data processing material in VOS viewer software. The trend of writing articles on project-based learning to support meaningful learning in elementary schools has increased significantly from 2021 to 2023. VOS Viewer soft ware mapping analysis has three clusters related to project-based learning to support meaningful learning in elementary schools. Faintly colored themes such as the application of project learning for meaningful learning from the perspective of educators, and approaches taken by teachers in developing learning. The use of games for project-based learning, and implementation in art class rooms are themes that are still rarely researched. These themes can be an opportunity to conduct further research.
Expression of Sexuality and Cultural Symbols in Guritan "Gisik Banyuwangi" by Tayib Muryanto
The approach used in this research is qualitative. Theoretically, this research uses a semiotic approach. The semiotics referred to refers to the concept of Roland Barthes, where this approach is considered relevant to the research objective, namely to reveal the meaning of both the denotation level, the connotation level, and the myths that are built. Based on the results of the analysis of the dictions in the text of the guritan "Gisik Banyuwangi" revealed, among others: 1) In the gurit "Gisik Banyuwangi" by Tayib M, the part that shows the image of sexuality, for example, is found in the lines that read: kacathet ing telenging ati; temanten during salaki rabi; dhuh polahe kenya kelangan tresna; wis kokrungu kidung suci; ngresah; ah, kabeh kakehan polah. If we examine the story narrated in the geguritan "Gisik Banyuwangi". 2) All activities and elements present in sexual activity are an effort to achieve awareness of the process of creation. With this awareness, humans will appreciate, respect, and maintain the sanctity of each process. Likewise, the concept of sexuality as a precursor to spirituality is expected to lead humans to be more grateful for and preserve what nature and the Creator have provided. It should not be used merely as a means of satisfying lus
Cultural Wisdom Meets Artificial Intelligence: A Deep Learning Based Model for Character Education Rooted in Panca Waluya
Character education in the digital era faces growing challenges due to globalization, moral decline, and the weakening of local cultural identity among students. This study proposes a novel approach by integrating Panca Waluya, a set of five core Sundanese values: Cageur (healthy), Bageur (kind-hearted), Bener (honest), Pinter (intelligent), and Singer (skilled), with deep learning technology to strengthen character education in schools. The research develops a model using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, particularly LSTM and BERT, to analyze students’ digital expressions, such as reflective writings and online communications, in order to detect character tendencies in real time. This integration enables personalized, data-driven character assessment and feedback for students and educators. By grounding AI applications in indigenous cultural wisdom, the model promotes a more contextual, culturally relevant, and adaptive approach to moral education. Preliminary findings indicate that the system enhances the visibility of character values in digital learning environments and offers a new pathway for character development that aligns with both local heritage and technological advancement. This study contributes to the field of culturally responsive pedagogy and presents a promising framework for integrating artificial intelligence into character education in the Indonesian context.
Adjectival Phrases In Javanese: Internal Functions
This study investigates the internal syntactic structure of adjectival phrases in Javanese, focusing on head-modifier relationships and constituent configurations—a topic that remains underexplored in both Javanese linguistics and syntactic theory. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach grounded in Aarts and Aarts’ syntactic framework, the study analyzed 14 naturally occurring utterances and several written sources from Sidoharjo District, Sragen Regency, Central Java. Data collection involved participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, while Immediate Constituent Analysis was used to examine the internal composition of each phrase. The findings reveal that Javanese adjectival phrases consistently position the adjective as the head and allow a diverse range of modifiers—including adverbs, nouns, verbs, pronouns, numerals, and adjectives—either before or after the head. These phrases exhibit both endocentric and exocentric patterns and frequently feature discontinuous or stacked modification structures. Such internal flexibility highlights the morphosyntactic richness of Javanese and challenges traditional models of phrase structure. The study contributes both to the descriptive grammar of Javanese and to broader typological perspectives on syntactic organization in morphologically complex languages.
Digitization of Javanese Manuscripts in the Pustakatama Project: Legal and Technical Analysis and Its Implications for Public Access
The Pustakatama Project is a cultural digitization initiative that aims to preserve and expand access to Javanese language and script texts through collaboration with local institutions and the Wikimedia ecosystem. This study analyzes the strategies, implementation processes, and community involvement in the Pustakatama Project, particularly in digitizing cultural heritage manuscripts and their integration into Wikimedia Commons and Wikisource in the Javanese language. The research employs a qualitative case study method using document analysis techniques, participatory observation during the Wiyata Pustaka Workshop, and internal documentation as primary sources. The results show that the project successfully digitized 206 manuscripts and books over 20 days, through collaboration with cultural libraries, namely the Artati Library of Sanata Dharma University and the Cultural Preservation Center of Region X. All of this material was not only successfully digitized but also made openly accessible through the Wikimedia platform, thereby enriching the digital repository with local knowledge that was previously underrepresented. Community involvement, particularly local volunteers, played a crucial role in the uploading and editing processes on Wikimedia Commons and Wikisource. The novelty of this project lies in integrating grassroots digitization, public domain awareness, and community-based open knowledge production through open platforms. Pustakatama is expected to serve as a replicable prototype for regions with limited resources in the participatory preservation of local literature.
Wayang Kulit as Diplomacy of Javanese Values at the Community Level: A Study of Local Performances in Blitar and Tulungagung
This study aims to analyze the role of wayang kulit as a medium of cultural diplomacy at the community level with case studies in Blitar and Tulungagung Regencies, East Java. The purpose of the research is to identify the adaptation strategy of wayang kulit in maintaining its relevance in the modern era as well as uncovering the mechanism of transmission of Javanese values through this traditional performance. The research used a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods, including observation of 15 puppet performances, in-depth interviews with 12 key informants (puppeteers, audiences, and policy makers), and analysis of play script documents and performance recordings. The results of the study revealed three main findings: (1) Wayang kulit functions effectively as a space for value diplomacy through the creative adaptation of puppeteers in inserting contemporary messages; (2) There is a significant generation gap with only 18% of the audience being young (15-25 years old), but digital innovations such as short film content on social media platforms have emerged; (3) A shift in the creative economy model where 60% of the income of wayang groups now comes from institutional sponsorships. The novelty of this research lies in the development of the "Wayang Diplomacy 4.0" model that integrates the preservation of traditional values with digital adaptation and the strengthening of the creative economy, as well as findings on the role of performance liminality as a medium for local conflict resolution. The findings of this study make an important contribution to the development of community-based theory of cultural diplomacy and offer practical recommendations for policymakers in the preservation of traditional arts. This research expands the academic discourse on soft power culture by showing its application to non-state actors at the local level, while providing empirical evidence on the cultural resilience of the people of East Java in responding to the changing times.
Sunda’s Women In the Past, Present, and Future In Literary Anthropology Studies
Positive and negative values are assigned; exchanged; dialecticized; rules are agreed upon and established, boundaries are created, thoughts are institutionalized, definitions are imposed by one group of people to regulate another group of people. This study examines a selection of Sundanese literary works that specifically reflect cultural ideas concerning Sundanese women. Drawing from both direct and indirect observations of the representation of Sundanese women and the cultural values associated with them, the research employs an inductive and comparative literary anthropology approach, presented through descriptive and ethnographic methods. The data collection techniques include documentation, interviews, analysis, and interpretation. The research utilizes both transcribed oral literary works and written literary texts that are considered representative of the various phases in the periodization of Sundanese literature. The findings lead to several conclusions that can be developed into conceptual insights regarding: (1) the portrayal of women in Sundanese literary works, and (2) the roles of female authors and their contributions to the preservation and development of Sundanese culture.
Preserving Tradition: Addinging-dinging as a Foundation of Cultural Identity in the Modern Era
This article discusses the role of the addinging-dinging tradition as a foundation of cultural identity in the modern era. The addinging-dinging tradition is one that is still routinely practiced every year by the Tenro community in the Selayar Islands Regency. Through a qualitative approach, this research explores the cultural values embedded in addinging-dinging tradition, as well as how these values reinforce the community's sense of identity. Additionally, the article highlights the active role of the younger generation in preserving this tradition, as well as the challenges posed by globalization and modernization. The research findings indicate that addinging-dinging tradition not only serves as a means of entertainment but also as a medium for conveying local wisdom and building community solidarity. By involving the younger generation, this tradition can continue to adapt and remain relevant amidst the changing times. The influence of globalization and technology can strengthen the addinging-dinging tradition to be recognized more widely, not just in the Selayar region but throughout Indonesia and even on the international stage. The addinging-dinging tradition, which was previously known only to its local community, can now transcend boundaries due to globalization and modern technology. It is hoped that these findings will provide insights into the preservation of cultural values in the context of an increasingly modern society.
Psychoanalysis of Main Character's Personality in The "Kartini" Movie
This research focused on analyzing the personality of the main character in the "Kartini" (2017) movie using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. Literature and film served as reflections of human life, highlighting social issues and exploring the complexities of individual personalities and behaviors. The "Kartini" movie portrayed the struggle of Raden Adjeng Kartini for women's rights and education during the colonial era in Indonesia. The method employed in this study was a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The theoretical framework was based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, particularly his concepts of the id, ego, and superego. The results revealed that Kartini's id was profoundly characterized by her unwavering commitment to advocating for gender equality and educational freedom for women, often disregarding the potential repercussions of her actions. Kartini's ego was evident in her ability to navigate reality and overcome the obstacles she faced in her struggle, including her cleverness in dealing with her older siblings. Lastly, Kartini's superego was demonstrated through her high moral standards and ethical efforts to empower her community and improve the quality of education. This research also discovered that Raden Adjeng Kartini's personality was significantly shaped by her strong will and moral compass, which fueled her fight against traditional societal norms and her advocacy for women's rights. Freud's psychoanalytic approach offered a profound understanding of the motivations and psychological dynamics of the main character in this movie.
The Existence of the Alaming Lelembut Rubric as a Representation of the Javanese Mystical World in the Modern Era: Talcott Parsons' Perspective
Javanese society is still closely associated with animism and dynamism, often associating mystical things with their lives. This mystical story has also been documented and has become one of the favorite rubrics in several Javanese-language magazines such as Penjebar Semangat (PS). The research aims to trace the existence of the Alaming Lelembut (AL) rubric, which has survived for 90 years and represents the mystical world of Javanese society. The qualitative descriptive research method uses Talcott Parsons' social system theory with four functional needs: latent pattern-maintenance, integration, goal attainment, and adaptation. Data collection techniques include observation and interviews, as well as literature studies. The informant is the editor of the Alaming Lelembut Panjebar Semangat rubric. The results of the study: 1) the existence of the AL rubric is maintained by: a) adaptation carried out by maintaining characteristics in the form of word selection, holding incidental competitions, regenerating young readers, managing flows but not carried away; b) goal attainment, there is an adjustment, first introducing Indonesian now preserving the Javanese language for the Indonesian people; c) integration, a comfortable and family atmosphere; d) latency, special training only for the administrative team, editors discussing and evaluating during the production process; 2) as many as 49.1% of respondents agreed that the AL rubric is a representation of the mystical world of Java in the modern era because the stories presented have similarities to real conditions in real life.
Sandur as a Digital Chronicle of Ecology, Humanity, and Local Wisdom in Bojonegoro
Sandur Bojonegoro is a traditional folk performance rich in ecological values, agrarian spirituality, and local wisdom. Amid environmental degradation and the rapid rise of digitalization, Sandur has not only endured as cultural heritage but also evolved into a digital chronicle that aesthetically and narratively portrays the human nature relationship. This study explores how the Sandur Rumah performance, specifically the Sandur Rumah Selendang Kuning video on YouTube functions as a medium for articulating ecological, spiritual, and sociocultural values of the Bojonegoro community. Using a qualitative approach, this research applies visual content analysis, guided by theories of visual semiotics, eco spirituality, folk religion, cultural mediation, and the concept of the living archive. The analysis focuses on the visual, symbolic, and performative aspects of agrarian ecology, local spirituality, and adaptation to digital media. Findings reveal four main insights: (1) agrarian ecology is represented through performance aesthetics depicting rice fields, planting rituals, and fertility symbols; (2) agrarian spirituality is expressed through tembang, prayer, and ritual as forms of cultural resilience; (3) adaptation to digital media is achieved via cinematic editing aligned with YouTube’s algorithmic logic; and (4) Sandur acts as a living archive, preserving and renewing cultural memory in digital form. This study concludes that Sandur Rumah is both a traditional art form and a digital chronicle that sustains and reinterprets local wisdom through contemporary media.
Operational Guidebook Development for FTIR Spectrum Two and Rotavapor R-300 Instruments in the Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
The advancement of modern laboratory instruments has a significant impact on the quality of research in the field of chemistry. The Chemistry Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMNS), Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA), has important instruments, such as the PerkinElmer FTIR Spectrum Two and the Buchi Rotavapor R-300, but their use still faces obstacles due to the lack of practical guidance that suits the needs of learning and research. This study aims to develop a structured, contextual, and easy-to- understand internal operational guidebook to support the use of both instruments. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D), adapted from the Borg & Gall model, which consists of five stages: product analysis, initial product development, expert validation, small-scale trials, and large-scale trials. Three expert lecturers conducted validation, while trials were conducted with laboratory assistants and chemistry students. The validation results showed an average score of 4.90 (very valid category). Small-scale trials conducted with laboratory assistants yielded a 100% positive response, while large-scale trials involving students achieved an average of 96% (classified as very practical). practicality observations showed a percentage of 100% for laboratory assistants and 98% for students in the very effective category. Thus, the developed operational guidebook has proven to be valid, practical, and effective, and can support occupational safety, enhance research quality, and strengthen UNESA's role as a leading center for the development of chemical science.
Science Process Skills Profile of First Semester Students in Basic Chemistry Course
A study was conducted to describe the profile of science process skills (SPS) of first-semester students through basic chemistry courses. This information is useful for preparing students early as a foundation that will influence their learning success in the following semester. This is because students must adapt to the campus academic environment that demands high-level skills. The research method used is a mixed method where qualitative data describes the profile of students' SPS and quantitative data is used to process the value data obtained by students through the SPS pretest and posttest. The tools and instruments used to collect data have been validated by experts and received good to very good ratings so they are suitable for use in data collection. The results obtained that student development in SPS based on the N-Gain score at the low, medium and high levels were 5.97%, 70.15% and 23.88%, respectively. The SPS indicators that obtained the lowest to highest scores based on the posttest results, respectively, were creating operational definitions, analyzing, predicting, formulating hypotheses, formulating problem formulations, observing, formulating variables, designing experiments and creating data tables. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for development to prepare students to become competent scientists or practitioners in the future.
The Effectiveness of Learning Media on Atomic Structure Material: A Literature Review
This literature review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various learning media in facilitating the understanding of atomic structure material in chemistry education. The research was conducted by analyzing 10 research articles published between 20215 and 2025, gathered from SCOPUS and SINTA database. The review identified several innovative learning media that have been implemented, including e-Modules, Animated Videos, and educational Games. An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each media revealed a consistent finding: all these innovative media were significantly more effective in improving the learning outcomes of 10th- grade students compared to the use of conventional media like whiteboards. The primary advantage of these innovative media lies in their ability to visualize abstract atomic concepts into more tangible and interactive forms, thereby directly enhancing student comprehension and visual memory. Based on this review, it is concluded that there is a pressing need to develop and adopt chemistry learning media that are not only innovative and practical but also capable of transforming abstract learning into an immersive visual experience, enabling students to more easily understand and remember complex concepts in atomic structure
Sociodialectology Study: Javanese Language in Friday Sermons in Karanganyar Regency
The title of this research is “Sociodialectology Study: Javanese Language of Friday Sermons in Karanganyar Regency”. This topic is interesting to study because, (1) the level of understanding of speakers of Javanese, (2) the importance of communication using the mother tongue, (3) the development of traditional, national and international communication media, (4) the dynamic mobility of speakers, (5) the demands of traditional speakers to be able to understand current information, and others. This research method is descriptive qualitative, the research location is in Karanganyar Regency, the research data is in the form of lingual units with all their variations in the region for sermons by considering the social conditions of the speaker community. Data sources include language speakers as informants and other sources (written) if possible, the data can be obtained. Theoretically, this research is based on the concept of sociodialectology, namely a research process whose study method is interdisciplinary or macrolinguistic, because its perspective combines the fields of linguistics with the fields of sociology. For that, sociodialectology is a science that studies language variations in a number of regions by involving the social variables that surround it. Sociodialectology attempts to examine the relationship and mutual influence between language behavior and social behavior in a number of areas in Karanganyar. This perspective is to reveal the phenomenon of the emergence of lingual variations in the social hierarchy of society related to the use of Karanganyar Javanese (BjK). The lingual phenomenon that is still ongoing in the social hierarchy is reflected in the following research results. (1) Javanese lingual units that appear for sermons in the Karanganyar Regency community include Javanese ngoko, krama, krama inggil and krama desa lingual units. Thus, these lingual units show that some people understand the hierarchy of Javanese language potential and some do not understand, especially related to the level of Javanese speech. Phenomenologically, it proves that there is an interesting case of sociodialectology of language for sermons in Karanganyar Regency. (2) The objective conditions of the socio-dialectological Javanese language phenomenon that occurred in Karanganyar Regency include, among other things, the preacher trying to become one with the community or congregation, adapting to the community's understanding of language, the preacher trying to understand the community's language to convey the contents of the sermon, the preacher trying as best as possible to appear in the local language without eliminating the beautiful (literary) nature of the language, (3) The reasons for the socio-dialectological variations in Javanese sermons in Karanganyar Regency include adapting to the community's level of understanding, avoiding miscommunication, using the local community's distinctive language, metaphors to avoid direct targets, and the mission and vision of the sermon being achieved without unnecessary turmoil.
Training English Teachers in Mojokerto Regency for Implementing Differentiated Instruction in English Lessons Phase D
The Junior High School (JHS) English Teachers’ Community of Practice of Mojokerto Regency (MGMP) considers it necessary to upgrade the quality of English teachers’ implemention of differentiated instruction in JHS because there is still a lack of understanding of what differentiated instruction is, its relation to the Independent Curriculum for English subject in JHS, and the lack of practical models for its implementation in English classes. For this reason, teachers who are members of the Mojokerto Regency MGMP need to undertake training on the theory and practice of differentiated instruction in English subject in JHS. Training activities began with creating differentiated instruction training modules, implementing online differentiated instruction theory and practice, and coaching the implementation of differentiated instruction in English classes. The results of this community service are the formation of an understanding of what differentiated instruction is, the principles of differentiated instruction in English classes, as well as the ability to plan and practice differentiated instruction in English classes in JHS.
Utilization of Biomass Extraction Waste for Filter Cartridge Production to Improve Water Quality Based on Total Alkalinity and Total Hardness Parameters
Biomass waste from extraction consists of waste with a relatively high carbon content derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Despite its potential for conversion into activated carbon to enhance water quality, this waste is rarely utilized. This research aims to investigate the use of biomass waste as activated carbon to improve water quality, specifically focusing on total alkalinity and total hardness metrics. The study employed charcoal produced from previous research, which was applied to water samples collected from Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Alkalinity was measured using acidimetric titration, while hardness was assessed through complexometric titration. The results indicate that Unesa bozem water has an alkalinity level of 240.09 mg/L CaCO3 (high) and a hardness value of 214.71 mg/L CaCO3 (hard). The use of the filter led to a significant reduction in these metrics, with total alkalinity decreasing to 110.33 mg/L CaCO3 (ideal) and hardness reduced to 117.63 mg/L CaCO3 (slightly hard). These findings demonstrate that the activated charcoal produced effectively decreases both total alkalinity and total hardness. Additionally, the production of filter paper from biomass waste charcoal after extraction may be optimized by modifying the activation process to produce different forms of activated charcoal with improved absorption capacity.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) using Natural Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)
Heavy metal contamination, particularly hexavalent chromium ions [Cr(VI)] in aquatic environments, has become a serious issue due to its toxic and carcinogenic nature. This study aims to synthesize a composite adsorbent material based on magnetite (Fe₃O₄) modified with polypyrrole (PPy) and evaluate its performance in the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The PPy–magnetite composite was synthesized via in-situ polymerization and characterized using FTIR, FESEM-EDX, and XRD to identify its morphology, functional groups, and crystallinity. Adsorption experiments were conducted by varying pH (1, 3, and 4), contact time (45, 60, and 90 minutes), initial Cr(VI) concentration (20, 40, and 60 ppm), and adsorbent dose (40, 60, and 100 mg). Characterization results indicated interactions between –NH and –N= groups of PPy and the Fe₃O₄ surface, as well as the formation of a porous structure. Optimal adsorption conditions were achieved at pH 4, 60 minutes of contact time, and an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 40 ppm. The Langmuir isotherm model showed the best fit (R² = 0.9979), with a maximum adsorption capacity (qₘ) of 54.645 mg·g⁻¹ and a removal efficiency of 99.92%. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (Ho–McKay) with an R² of 0.9827 and a rate constant (k₂) of 0.007 g·mg⁻¹·min⁻¹, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. AAS analysis confirmed the high effectiveness of the PPy–magnetite adsorbent in removing Cr(VI) ions from solution.
Educating for Change’ through Children’s Literature: Developing Intercultural Awareness among German Level A1 Learners in Indonesia
Reflecting the vision of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) to promote inclusive and equitable quality education. this study explores the potential of children’s literature as a medium for developing intercultural awareness among beginner learners of German (A1 level) in Indonesia. Learning German cannot be separated from the development of linguistic competence, intercultural understanding, but it is also regarded as an integral part of education for sustainable development. Drawing on Target 4.7 of SDG 4 and the concept of intercultural communicative competence, this paper argues that language learning should not only build linguistic skills but also nurture empathy, tolerance, and global citizenship. Through the integration of selected German children’s stories, students engage in linguistic practice, cultural comparison, and reflective learning that connect language and culture meaningfully. The article addresses two questions: (1) How can children’s literature foster intercultural awareness among German A1 learners in Indonesia? and (2) What teaching strategies can effectively integrate children’s literature to enhance intercultural learning in the German A1 classroom? Finally, it can be said that children literature serves as an effective medium to link language learning with cultural understanding in the German A1 classroom. Using children literature and cultural reflection, learners build linguistic competence, develop empathy and intercultural awareness in line with the vision of SDG 4.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning to Enhance Pedagogical Quality among Muhammadiyah Teachers in Surabaya
This study investigates the implementation and impact of an AI-integrated Deep Learning Training Program for teachers at Muhammadiyah Karang Pilang Schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. Using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) design, the program was conducted from July to September 2025 and involved 40 teachers from four educational levels: elementary, junior high, senior high, and vocational. The intervention aimed to enhance teachers’ understanding and application of deep learning pedagogy through artificial intelligence (AI)-based lesson design, classroom implementation, and reflective mentoring. Data were collected using pre- and post-tests, classroom observation checklists, perception questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative results revealed significant improvement in teachers’ AI literacy and deep learning knowledge (t(39) = 14.27, p < .001, d = 1.75), alongside notable growth in classroom practice and professional self-efficacy. Qualitative findings indicated transformative shifts toward student-centered, technology-enhanced instruction supported by collaborative reflection and mentoring. The study concludes that integrating AI into deep learning pedagogy effectively strengthens teacher capacity, promotes reflective practice, and aligns with Indonesia’s Kurikulum Merdeka vision for meaningful, autonomous, and future-ready education. Further research is recommended to expand this model across diverse educational contexts to sustain innovation and equity in teacher professional development.
The Effectiveness Of Using Interactive Video-Based Media To Improve Motivation In Chemistry Learning: A Literature Review
Electronic learning media can be used for learning purposes, and one form of this media is interactive videos. Using interactive video-based learning media is expected to help improve students' motivation, especially for subjects considered difficult, such as chemistry, which has abstract concepts and a monotonous learning process. The purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of interactive video-based learning media in improving motivation in chemistry. The method used in preparing this academic work is the Systematic Literature Review method and the PRISMA method, which focuses on collecting data from literature sources by searching for relevant theoretical references related to improving students' motivation in chemistry using interactive videos. In data analysis, the researcher uses content analysis technique. This technique involves the process of categorizing and analyzing relevant information. Using interactive video-based learning media not only serves as a learning aid in the learning process but also becomes an effective learning resource that can improve students' motivation, especially in the subject of chemistry. The advantages of interactive videos include being engaging, having diverse content, providing interactivity that helps students develop learning skills, and offering wide access to learning materials, which can help overcome students' difficulties in microscopic or complex chemical phenomena.
Staging Inclusion A Systematic Review of Sustainable Inclusive Theatre Production within the Framework of the SDGs
Inclusive theatre production remains largely incidental and limited to short-term projects, lacking a well-established model of sustainability. In many cases, inclusion is reduced to technical accessibility rather than genuine creative participation. Addressing this gap, the present study aims to map the practices, strategies, and sustainability orientations in inclusive theatre production and to examine its contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the PRISMA 2020 protocol, with data retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2020–2025). Out of 50 initial publications, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings reveal four key insights. First, conceptually, inclusive theatre is no longer viewed merely as an accessibility tool but as a social practice that negotiates identity and power relations through co-creation rather than symbolic representation. Second, in terms of production methods, approaches such as disability-led theatre, applied theatre, and community-based performance emerge as dominant models that foster equitable participation. Third, integration with the SDGs is reflected in the implementation of ecotheatre, dramatherapy, and arts-based pedagogy, which align with SDG 3, 4, 10, 11, and 12. Fourth, ongoing challenges include policy reform, the equalization of artistic authority, and the strengthening of collective leadership. In conclusion, inclusive theatre holds a strategic position as a transformative instrument for sustainable development, provided it is supported by a consistent and participatory cross-sectoral ecosystem.
The Effectiveness of Using Animated Videos as A Learning Medium to Reduce Student Misconceptions About Reaction Rate Material
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of animated video media in reducing students’ misconceptions about the factors influencing the rate of chemical reactions. The research employed a quasi-experimental design using a One Group Pretest–Posttest approach involving 20 eleventh-grade senior high school students who were identified as having misconceptions through a three-tier diagnostic test. The intervention consisted of remedial instruction utilizing animated video media, followed by a posttest to assess changes in conceptual understanding. The results revealed that the average misconception rate decreased from 65% in the pretest to 21.25% in the posttest, indicating a reduction of 43.75% in the moderate category. Furthermore, the students’ conceptual understanding improved significantly, with an average N-gain score of 0.67, categorized as medium–high. These findings demonstrate that the use of animated videos is effective in facilitating conceptual change and enhancing students’ comprehension of abstract chemical concepts. Therefore, animation-based instructional media can serve as an innovative alternative strategy to address misconceptions and improve the overall quality of chemistry learning.
Profiling Students Scientific Literacy Skills in the Reaction Rate Topic through STEM Based E-LAPD
This study aims to determine the profile of the scientific literacy skills of grade XI MIPA students at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya in the reaction rate material assisted by STEM-based E-LAPD. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with the main variable being the achievement of student scientific literacy viewed from the competency dimension. The instruments used in this study were a scientific literacy test and a student response questionnaire as part of the pre-implementation activities of STEM based E-LAPD. Based on the results of the questionnaire, information was obtained that 62.5% of students considered the reaction rate material difficult to understand, because the dominant activities were calculating and memorizing. This indicates that students have difficulty in linking abstract concepts to real-life contexts, which should be the main focus of the STEM approach. Students' scientific literacy abilities reviewed from three main competencies showed the following results: 33.3% of students were able to explain scientific phenomena, 16.7% were able to evaluate and design scientific investigations, and 66.7% were able to interpret scientific data and evidence. These findings indicate that students' scientific literacy skills are still low, particularly in evaluation and investigation design competencies, which could be developed through the implementation of STEM-based E-LAPD. Thus, the preliminary results of this study suggest that the integration of STEM-based E-LAPD learning media is essential for improving scientific literacy skills.
Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite Using a Fe₃O₄/Nafion-Modified Gold Wire Electrode
This study presents the development and evaluation of an electrochemical sensor for nitrite detection based on magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) and a Nafion-modified gold wire electrode. Fe₃O₄ NPs were synthesized through an electrolysis route and subsequently characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDX). The XRD diffraction pattern is similar to the standard JCPDS card number 19-0629, confirming the structure of Fe₃O₄ NPs. Morphology analysis using FE-SEM revealed Fe₃O₄ NPs with an average size measured to be 123.4 nm. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements demonstrated a high oxidation peak for nitrite detection using the proposed electrode at neutral pH (pH 7). CV analysis towards K3[Fe(CN)6] shows that the proposed electrode gave the highest current peak. The specific surface area of the proposed electrode was found to be 0.149 cm2. Quantitative analysis using CV showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.4 ppm. Using the amperometry techniques, the LOD produced was as low as 0.00105 ppm. These findings highlight the potential of the Fe₃O₄ and Nafion-modified gold electrode for sensitive nitrite analysis.
The Effect of Edutainment-Based Chemistry Learning Media on Science Process Skills: A Literature Review
Developing Science Process Skills (SPS) is vital for students, but in chemistry, this process is frequently constrained by abstract concepts and low levels of student engagement. As a solution, this study analyzes and synthesizes various scientific literature. As an alternative, this research conducts an analysis and synthesis of relevant studies to investigate how edutainment-oriented learning media impact SPS. Using a systematic literature review method, various relevant studies from scientific publication database were identified, evaluated, and interpreted. The analysis results show that the majority of studies concluded that edutainment media has a significant positive effect on improving SPS. The effectiveness of this media is proven due to its ability to increase interest and help visualize concepts, thus facilitating the development of more optimal SPS. It can be concluded that edutainment is a very potential approach to address the challenge of chemistry learning at the high school level.
Feasibility Analysis of The Bribin Pump-As-Turbine in Semanu District, Gunungkidul Regency
The 2025–2034 Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) prioritises the development of renewable energy based on base load technology, such as hydroelectric power plants (PLTA) and pumped storage systems. A similar pumped storage concept was previously introduced through a collaborative initiative between Germany and Indonesia, involving the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the University of Giessen. The project, known as Indonesian Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), began in 2004 in the karst region of Gunung Kidul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This project implemented a pump-as-turbine system in Bribin Cave to supply clean water to rural communities, with financial support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of international collaborative research. However, in 2017, the Bribin PAT system was damaged by Cyclone Cempaka, rendering it inoperable. This study aims to assess the feasibility of revitalising PAT Bribin II through technical and economic analysis, while maintaining the original module design with a module configuration that is estimated to produce a water flow of 100 litres per second. The economic evaluation is based on estimated indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The findings show that the NPV remains positive and the BCR exceeds one at discount rates of 10%, 11%, 12%, and 13%, indicating the project's feasibility. This analysis confirms that the benefits exceed the costs. Overall, this study shows that the Bribin PAT revitalisation project is financially feasible and is expected to provide a solid foundation for policymakers to increase the benefits of Bribin PAT II in various financing scenarios.
Conceptual Change Strategies to Remediation Chemistry Students' Misconceptions: A Literature Review
Misconceptions are a common problem in chemistry learning, both among students and college students, which can hinder the process of conceptual understanding. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Conceptual Change strategy in reducing misconceptions among chemistry students. The research method used was a literature review by examining five national articles published in the last five years with the subject of chemistry education students. The results of the study indicate that the Conceptual Change strategy is effective in reducing misconceptions through various models and approaches. The Conceptual Change model combined with the Three Scientific Questions (CCM-EWTQ) has been proven to be able to help students identify and correct misconceptions on the concept of acid-base indicators. The integration of the Conceptual Change strategy with the recall process also produces positive impacts in the form of increased cognitive conflict, strengthening long-term memory, and reducing the burden of misconceptions. In addition, the development of LKPD and software based on Conceptual Change shows a high level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness in helping shift conceptions from misconceptions to conceptual understanding. A key finding of this study is that Conceptual Change not only functions as a remediation strategy but also plays a role in restructuring conceptual knowledge, strengthening memory, and developing students' critical and scientific thinking skills. Therefore, the Conceptual Change strategy is relevant for improving the quality of chemistry learning in higher education.
Improving Student Understanding and Edupreneurship Based on Analytical Chemistry Student Activity Sheets (SAS) Closed Case Study
Policies regarding key performance indicators of State Universities continue to be encouraged to implement problem-based and collaborative learning. Therefore, innovation in learning is needed with learning methods that empower the role of students (student-centered learning), one of which is case-based (closed case study). In line with the Vision and Mission of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The State University of Surabaya for the 2021-2025 period, one indicator is the implementation of research-based education characterized by edupreneurship. The purpose of this research is to improve the understanding and edupreneurship of undergraduate chemistry education students. Treatment to achieve this goal is case study-based learning (closed case study) assisted by student activity sheets (SAS) on analytical chemistry. The research sample was 20 undergraduate Chemistry Education students from the 2023 batch of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Unesa. The research followed a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The variables in this study were evaluated using an assessment instrument for student understanding of analytical chemistry, questionnaire responses to closed cased study learning, and the edupreneurship attitude variables used are (1) self efficacy, (2) tenacity, (3) courage in making decisions, (4) creativity, and (5) independence.. Data on changes in conceptual understanding were then explained descriptively as an introduction and reinforced using inferential analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test because the population was known to be non-normally distributed (0.006 < 0.05). The results showed a significant change in students' understanding of analytical chemistry (basic chemical separation concepts) before and after learning (Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value 0.00< 0.05). This achievement is in line with the results of the respondent questionnaire, which showed that more than 80% stated that learning based on closed case studies and edupreneurship can increase understanding and edupreneurship attitude on the variable self-efficacy, courage in making decisions and independence.
Preliminary Study of Modified Iron Electrodes for Ammonia Nitrogen Detection Using Voltammetry Method
A modified iron electrode was successfully fabricated for the electrochemical detection of ammonia nitrogen through its interaction with oxalate ions. The modification process involved immersing an iron wire in a 0.5 M CuSO₄ solution, followed by coating and subsequent treatment in a 50% H₂O₂ solution to accelerate surface oxidation. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) within a potential window of –0.4 to +0.6 V. For comparison, an unmodified iron electrode was also examined under identical conditions. The unmodified electrode exhibited no observable oxidation or reduction peaks, whereas the modified electrode demonstrated a distinct oxidation peak at +0.09 V, confirming its sensitivity toward oxalate ions. Further optimization was performed by varying the scan rate at 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mV s⁻¹. The highest response was achieved at a scan rate of 100 mV s⁻¹, indicating optimal electrode kinetics. Calibration experiments with ammonia nitrogen concentrations ranging from 10 mM to 100 mM revealed a linear current response, described by the regression equation y = 0.0033x + 0.0591(R² = 0.9998). These results clearly demonstrate the potential of the modified iron electrode as a reliable sensor for ammonia nitrogen detection.
Effectiveness of 3D Flipbook Media in Enhancing Students’ Visual–Spatial Skills: A Study in Molecular Geometry Learning
This study examines the effectiveness of 3D flipbook media in improving students’ visual–spatial skills in molecular geometry learning. Molecular geometry requires the ability to mentally manipulate complex three-dimensional structures, which often challenges students in understanding abstract concepts. The research was conducted with 32 students of SMA Negeri 7 Surabaya using a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest instruments. Because the data were not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was applied. The results showed that all students achieved higher posttest scores compared to pretest scores, with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that 3D flipbook media significantly enhance students’ visual–spatial skills. Moreover, the study emphasizes the pedagogical value of innovative media in bridging abstract molecular concepts with student comprehension, contributing to the improvement of chemistry education and supporting more effective learning strategies in the classroom.
Assessment and Evaluation in Chemistry Education
This study aims to analyze the implementation of assessment and evaluation in chemistry learning at the secondary school level. The focus of the study includes the effectiveness of formative and summative assessments, improvement of laboratory skills, and students' higher-order thinking skills. The research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach with test instruments, observation sheets, and student engagement questionnaires. The results show a significant increase in post-test scores compared to pre-tests, with a normalized gain of 0.34 (moderate category). The findings also reveal that students' laboratory skills are higher than their higher-order thinking skills. Student engagement and the frequency of formative feedback have a positive effect on learning outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating formative assessment, laboratory evaluation, and instruments that encourage critical thinking in chemistry education.
The Relationship between Perception of Digital Media and Motivation to Learn Japanese in Grade XI Students of MAN 3 Kediri
This study aims to determine the relationship between perception of digital media and motivation to learn Japanese in MAN 3 Kediri students. The background of this study is based on the results of Community Service (PkM) activities which show that 85.2% of students consider Japanese learning digital media interesting and 92.6% stated that their motivation to learn increases. The research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research population was all grade XI students (N=27) who participated in digital media-based Japanese language learning training using websites such as yomujp.com, tadoku.org, and Kahoot and Wordwall applications. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of two variables: perception of digital media (5 items) and learning motivation (5 items). The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment correlation tests. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the perception of digital media and students' motivation to learn Japanese (r = 0.68; p < 0.05). These findings show that the more positive the students' perception of digital media, the higher their motivation is to learn Japanese. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating digital technology in foreign language learning to foster students' interest and independence in learning.
Small-Group Literacy Activities for Introducing Japanese Culture
Literacy through reading and understanding simple Japanese texts is an effective way to learn Japanese characters while introducing Japanese culture in schools. Learning Japanese as a foreign language should not focus only on linguistic aspects, but also include understanding and knowledge of cultural values and daily habits found in Japanese society. Through small-group literacy activities, students are expected not only to learn how to read but also to develop cultural awareness, tolerance, self-discipline, and good daily habits. Observations were conducted with students working in small groups. The activities included reading simple Japanese texts, assessing the groups’ ability to identify main ideas and process information, and observing their overall responses to the activity. The reading materials were simple illustrated texts written in Japanese, depicting the daily life of a small family consisting of parents and children, with their respective roles and routines from morning until night. The overall results of the small-group literacy activities showed that students were highly enthusiastic about reading Japanese texts. They took turns reading furigana, hiragana, and katakana in short paragraphs. Afterwards, students learned to identify the main ideas of the paragraphs they understood. At the end of the session, group representatives presented their comprehension results to other groups. The groups’ ability to extract important information was rated excellent 88,3,and students showed a very positive response (95%), as the activity allowed them to gain insight into Japanese family life and everyday cultural practices.
Semanggi as an Idea for Developing Typical Surabaya Batik Motifs
This research aims to develop a typical Surabaya batik motif by utilizing the Semanggi plant as a source of ideas. Semanggi, which is a symbol of local culture and a key ingredient in Surabaya's culinary specialties, has great potential to be explored into batik works. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4D model approach that includes Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. The research process includes identifying the potential Semanggi motif, developing basic sketches for motif development, compiling design patterns, and implementing them on long cloth. The results demonstrate success in creating a variety of motifs that not only reflect Surabaya's local identity but also have aesthetic appeal and functionality. The resulting designs enrich the variety of Surabaya batik motifs, while strengthening the promotion of local cultural heritage through an innovative and applicable approach. This research is expected to make a real contribution in supporting the development of local culture-based creative industries and preserving traditional values ​​in a form that is relevant to the needs of modern society.
Empowering Art and Culture Teachers through Local Culture-Based Learning Design Training in Banyuwangi
This community service activity aims to improve the professionalism of arts and culture teachers in Banyuwangi Regency by enhancing their competence in developing effective and relevant learning materials. The training, conducted using lecture and drill methods, involved 31 teachers from public and private high schools and vocational schools. The training focused on developing teaching modules, learning media, learning evaluation, and differentiated learning designs. This activity was conducted at SMKN I Giri Banyuwangi with support from the local Education Office. The results demonstrated an improvement in teachers' ability to design more systematic and creative teaching materials, aligned with the 2024 Merdeka Curriculum framework. This program also increases teachers' confidence in classroom learning practices. The novelty of this activity lies in the integration of arts-based learning strategies that foster creativity while strengthening teachers' pedagogic literacy. This program is expected to become a sustainable model for the professional development of arts and culture teachers in the future.
Diversity and Inclusivity in the EFL Education Context: Challenges and Proposed Practices
This study intends to investigate the difficulties that prospective English instructors experience while working to incorporate diversity and inclusiveness into their EFL teaching strategies, along with detailed proposals they recommend for better integrating these components in EFL activities, such as course planning, resource selection, and interactive class exercises. The researchers employed a basic interpretative approach as they delve into the challenges and advocated strategies of preservice English teachers enrolled in the English language education program. The research took place at a state university in Surabaya during the initial semester of the 2024-2025 academic session. The participants included eleven preservice English language teachers who are part of the English language education program. The method of data collection included utilizing open-ended questionnaires. The method for selecting research participants was based on convenience sampling. Data analysis commenced following the thorough collection of all data. The qualitative findings acquired from the polls were reviewed following a defined procedure, which entails familiarizing oneself with the insights, categorizing it, coding and streamlining it, and ultimately interpreting and illustrating the results. The results reveal several significant challenges in diverse learning environments, such as: tailoring instruction, ensuring equitable access to resources, fostering inclusive attitudes, enhancing teacher competence, and addressing communication barriers. In addition, the results point to the need for a varied strategy to promote diversity and inclusiveness in educational environments concerning curriculum creation, material choices, and class activities.
Bridging Educational Inequality through the ACCESS Program: Empowering Indonesian High School Students’ English Proficiency and Global Competence
This study examines the effects of the ACCESS Microscholarship Program, a joint effort by the Indonesia International Education Foundation (IIEF) and the Regional English Language Office (RELO), on enhancing English language proficiency among economically disadvantaged high school students in Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Gresik. The program aimed to mitigate socioeconomic obstacles hindering students' access to high-quality English instruction via communicative, project-based, and culturally relevant methodologies. The research utilized a mixed-method approach and featured 20 participants chosen for their high enthusiasm and constrained financial resources. Quantitative data from pre- and post-assessments evaluated improvements in four linguistic competencies—listening, speaking, reading, and writing—while qualitative data from interviews and surveys examined students’ attitudes, confidence, and cross-cultural awareness. The findings indicated a substantial enhancement in all linguistic domains (p < .001; d > 1.2), as well as increased motivation, leadership, and intercultural competence. The ACCESS program successfully enabled students to develop confidence in English communication and engage as engaged global citizens, notwithstanding socioeconomic obstacles. The research indicates that inclusive, student-centered, and culturally relevant English programs help mitigate educational inequity and further Indonesia’s Merdeka Curriculum objective of cultivating critical, creative, and character-oriented learners.
Remote Control of Gangway System Using ESP32 and MQTT
This study aims to design and implement an automated gangway control system based on the ESP32 microcontroller and the MQTT communication protocol, enabling remote operation via a mobile application and real-time visual monitoring using the ESP32-CAM module. The system was developed to enhance operational efficiency and safety in port environments, where gangways are still commonly operated manually. An experimental approach was employed, consisting of hardware and software design, prototype assembly, and system performance testing. The testing focused on evaluating the stability of the DC motor voltage across various PWM values, the gangway's operational speed based on RPM and duration, and the communication range of the MQTT-based remote control. The results show that the system operates optimally at a PWM value of 165, achieving a motor speed of 46.7 RPM with safe operational timing. Motor voltage remained stable between 2.1 V and 10.9 V across PWM variations. The system maintained reliable remote control functionality up to a distance of 15 meters, beyond which the connection began to fail. In addition, the ESP32-CAM provided real-time visualization of the gangway's condition. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of control, communication, and visual monitoring systems into a single ESP32- and MQTT-based prototype, a combination rarely applied specifically for gangway automation in port operations. This system demonstrates strong potential for implementation in industrial automation scenarios requiring remote control and efficient visual monitoring.
Representation of Burnout among Adolescents in East Java
Burnout among adolescents is a psychosocial issue that is increasingly prominent in conjunction with the mounting academic, social, and existential pressures experienced by the younger generation. The objective of this study is to elucidate the manner in which the concept of burnout is articulated within the discourse of adolescents aged 18 to 20 years in East Java, employing the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach by Teun A. van Dijk (2008). This methodological approach facilitates the analysis of the relationship between text structure, social cognition, and the social context surrounding discourse production. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, social media posts, and observation of teenagers' verbal interactions in various contexts. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the phenomenon of burnout is interpreted as an inherent condition within the process of “becoming an adult,” which is characterized by high levels of stress and demand. A close textual analysis revealed the presence of linguistic patterns, including metaphors, hyperbole, and diction, that are indicative of chronic fatigue and feelings of alienation. At the level of social cognition, the phenomenon of burnout is conceptualized as a normal experience, albeit one that is often not openly discussed, reflecting the internalization of stigma surrounding mental vulnerability. Concurrently, within the sociocultural milieu, the prevailing influences that shape the emergence of such discourses include pressures from the education system, familial expectations, and the competitive cultural environment. The findings emphasize the necessity for critical discourse literacy-based interventions to facilitate constructive dialogue on adolescent mental health.
Cultural Interference on German Language Learning for Tourist Guide in Lombok
Lombok's growing prominence as a key destination for German-speaking tourists necessitates a professional corps of local guides proficient in the German language. However, these guides, who are predominantly from a Sasak-Indonesian cultural background, face challenges that extend far beyond mere linguistic acquisition. This article investigates the phenomenon of cultural interference in their German language learning process. The core problem lies in the significant clash between the guides' native cultural framework, often characterized by indirect communication, communal harmony, and high-context politeness (e.g., basa-basi), and the pragmatic and cultural norms embedded in the German language, which typically values directness, task-orientation (Sachlichkeit), and explicit clarity. This study employs a qualitative, case-study methodology. Data was collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with experienced German-speaking tourist guides in Lombok, supplemented by direct observation of guide-tourist interactions. The findings identify specific and recurring areas of interference, most notably in: (1) the execution of speech acts such as refusing, apologizing, and handling complaints; (2) differing perceptions of time (Pünktlichkeit) and scheduling; (3) the appropriate use of formal vs. informal address (Sie/Du); and (4) the handling of personal questions and “small talk” protocols. This interference frequently results in pragmatic failure, which can be misinterpreted by German tourists and, in turn, hinders the guides' own communicative confidence. This paper concludes that standard German language curricula are insufficient. To be effective, German language pedagogy for Lombok's guides must evolve from a purely linguistic focus to an integrated, intercultural-pragmatic approach. This approach must explicitly address these specific points of cultural friction to bridge the gap between Sasak and German norms, thereby ensuring true communicative competence in a professional tourism context.
Cultural Semiotic Analysis of the Transformation of the “Hayu” Batik Motif from Royal Tomb Ornaments
The Hayu batik motif is a contemporary batik design developed since 2022 by researchers from the University Centre of Excellence Javanologi for Javanese Traditions, Universitas Sebelas Maret, in collaboration with traditional batik artisans on the slopes of Mount Lawu, Karanganyar, Central Java. A distinctive feature of this motif lies in its adaptation of aesthetic elements from the ancient royal tombs of Pura Mangkunegaran, Surakarta. This study aims to examine the progress achieved to date and to explore the “behind-the-layers” transformation process through which the aesthetic elements of royal tombs are reinterpreted into batik design elements. Specifically, the objectives are: (1) to explain the transformation of forms from the aesthetic elements of ancient tombs into the elegant design patterns of the Hayu batik, and (2) to analyze the aesthetic transformation process that adapts traditional aesthetic values to the needs and tastes of modern society, resulting in a synthesized Hayu batik pattern. Both are expected to illuminate the shift from the sacred imagery of heritage to a more profane, accessible, and contemporary form aligned with current trends. Employing a cultural semiotic approach, this qualitative exploratory research interprets systems of symbols, signs, and codes, particularly regarding the transformation of symbolic meaning and cultural expression. The findings reveal that form transformation is achieved through translation, rotation, reflection, and dilation. Where translation involves subtractive, additive, dimensional, and geometric transformations while aesthetic transformation encompasses changes in medium (stone to fabric), atmosphere of appreciation, design orientation, and lifestyle. This study also presents the creation process and philosophical values of the four Hayu motif designs, positioning Hayu as an innovative breakthrough in batik art that integrates historical narratives, events, and connections into new symbols and imaginative-practical aesthetic expressions.
Exploring Students' Engineering Thinking Skills Through STEM Project-Based Learning in Jukung Boat Design Equilibrium Concept
Engineering thinking is one of the 21st-century skills because it emphasizes problem-solving through prototyping as a solution to problems. However, facts in school learning show that students have difficulty in several aspects of engineering thinking, such as dealing with complex problems and generating innovative solution ideas. STEM-PjBL learning can be used to develop students' 21st-century skills, one of which is engineering thinking skills. STEM-PjBL can also be integrated with regional local wisdom to preserve the fading local wisdom of the region. This research aims to explore students' engineering thinking skills through STEM-PjBL on jukung boats. This type of research is a case study with a qualitative approach. The data sources in this study are observation sheets of engineering thinking skills, interviews, and documentation of students' worksheet. This research explores engineering thinking skills consisting of 6 indicators, namely system-thinking, problem-finding, visualizing, improving, creative problem-solving, and adapting. The results showed that the majority of students showed poor performance in the system-thinking and problem-finding indicators. While some students showed very good at visualizing and improving indicators. Furthermore, some students showed good at the creative problem-solving indicator. In the last indicator, the majority of students showed good adapting. Based on the study's results, the conclusion is that through PjBL integrated STEM learning, students' engineering thinking skills show good on visualizing, improving, creative problem-solving and adapting indicators. While the majority of students showed poor performance on system-thinking and problem-finding indicators.
Analysis of Material and Wavelength Effects on Optical Propagation Performance in Dual Parallel Symmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (DPS-MZI) Structures Using OptiBPM
Innovations in integrated photonic technology have increased the demand for compact and high-performance optical devices. The MZI (Mach Zender Inferferometer) is a key component, particularly the DPS-MZI structure, which offers flexibility in optical signal processing, spectral filtering, and high-precision sensing applications. This study analyses the optical characteristics and performance of DPS-MZI structures based on four waveguide core materials of Si, InGaAsP, LiNbO₃, and PMMA, at wavelengths of 532 nm, 633 nm, 850 nm, and 1550 nm. Simulations were conducted using the OptiBPM software, which employs the BPM, to evaluate optical field intensity distribution, interference patterns, and propagation losses. The results indicate that Si and InGaAsP exhibit the best propagation performance, with low power loss and sharp interference patterns, while LiNbO₃ experiences higher propagation losses despite its high electro-optic coefficient. PMMA demonstrates the lowest performance due to its low refractive index contrast, leading to significant light spreading into the cladding and high propagation losses. An increase in wavelength tends to broaden the optical mode, particularly in materials with low refractive index contrast. This study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate waveguide core materials and operating wavelengths when designing DPS-MZI-based photonic devices to ensure stable and efficient light propagation.
Analysis of Vocational High School Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Clean Water Management in Banyuasin
This study aims to analyze the critical thinking skills of vocational high school (SMK) students in Banyuasin Regency in the context of clean water management through the topic “substances and their changes” in the Science and Social Studies (IPAS) subject. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, involving 196 students selected using purposive sampling from seven SMK schools. Data were collected through a critical thinking test based on five indicators : (1) basic clarification; (2) basis for decision; (3) inference; (4) advanced clarification; and (5) assumptions and integration complemented by semi-structured interviews with 22 IPAS teachers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results showed an average student score of 50.67, indicating a moderate level of critical thinking, with the highest achievement in decision-making (63%) and the lowest in inference (30%). Sub-indicator analysis revealed strengths in asking clarification questions (70%) and weaknesses in making and evaluating value judgments (22%). Teacher interviews revealed that students showed high enthusiasm and creativity when dealing with real-life issues but struggled with deep scientific understanding. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of SMK students' critical thinking in addressing local environmental issues, particularly clean water management. The findings suggest the importance of integrating local relevance with STEM-based instructional media to enhance students' critical thinking skills.
Preliminary Study: ELISA (Electronic Learning in Simulation Application) as a Recommended Media to Improve Students' Physics Problem Solving Skills
The purpose of this study was to identify the profile of problem-solving skills while analyzing the needs of appropriate digital learning media that can improve students' skills. The study was conditioned in the form of quantitative descriptive research with a research sample of 68 students from East Java High School, Indonesia. The results obtained that the profile of students' problem-solving skills in physics learning is still relatively low. Based on the results of the problem-solving skills test, an average of 44.52 was obtained where students had difficulty solving problems, especially in carrying out problem solving that requires logical and structural thinking skills. ELISA (Electronic Learning In Simulation Application) as a recommendation for digital learning media designed with the advantages of efficient accessibility, 3D virtual simulation, integrated problem-based learning models can be an alternative media idea that is worth developing. However, on the other hand, the limitations of the study are the questions given and the number of students as research samples are limited so that they cannot be analyzed more deeply and more broadly. It is recommended to continue future research in developing and implementing ELISA into a feasible digital-based learning media product.
Preventive Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Plantar Thermal Image Using Deep Learning EfficientNet Model
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant complication of diabetes, affecting more than 537 million adults worldwide and leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the application of infrared thermography (IRT) combined with the deep learning model EfficientNet for early detection of DFUs through plantar thermal image analysis. This study used a dataset from IEEE Data Port, consisting of thermal images from 132 diabetic subjects and 44 non-diabetic subjects. The dataset underwent preprocessing steps, including balancing, labeling, and resizing to 512x512 pixels. The EfficientNet model was trained to classify ulceration risk into 3 class classification (healthy feet, diabetic feet with low ulceration risk, and diabetic feet with high ulceration risk), the model achieved 94.87% accuracy, 93.75% precision, 92.31% recall, and 92.20% F1 score. These findings highlight the challenges in developing an effective diagnostic system for DFUs and suggest that future research should focus on larger and more diverse datasets, better preprocessing techniques, and data augmentation to improve model performance.
How to Promote Pedagogical Competence of Pre-Service Physics Teachers Through Case-Based Learning? An Action Research Evidence
The demand to improve teacher competence arises in response to ongoing dynamics in the world of education, ensuring that teachers can provide quality and relevant instruction for prospective students. This study describes efforts to increase the pedagogic competence of Pre-service teachers through case based learning (CBL) to evaluate programs within the scope of education. This research is action research with stages of planning, action I, observing and reinforcement, action II, and evaluation. This research was conducted on 25 pre-service physics teachers of education study program at one of the state universities in Surabaya. Data were collected through observation, activity, and assignments. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Based on the results of data the pedagogic competencies of pre-service teachers have been successfully trained. Therefore, learning through group projects is very feasible to equip pre-service teachers with pedagogic competencies.
Analysis of Engineering Design Process (EDP) Skills Through the Application of STEM-PJBL Based LKPD for High School Students on Archimedes Law Material
Engineering Design Process (EDP) skills are one of the skills that students must have in the 21st century. Engineering is one of the components that has an important role in training students related to the skill of designing solutions to life's problems. However, the facts show that there is still a lack of learning in schools that train and teach Engineering Design Process (EDP) skills that should be part of the physics learning process. The purpose of this study is to analyze Engineering Design Process (EDP) skills through the application of STEM-PjBL-based LKPD to Archimedes Law material. The research design used is a case study research design with research stages consisting of problem identification, literature search, determination of research objectives, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and finally reporting. The results of the study show that EDP skills in the indicator of gathering pertinent information are categorized as good, while defining the problem, generating multiple solutions, analyzing and selecting a solution, and test and implement the solution are in the very good category. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that most of the Engineering Design Process (EDP) skills possessed by students are good.
Development of Phys-FLUIDS Learning Media to Improve Problem Solving Skills of Prospective Physics Teacher Students
The study aims to analyze the validity results of the development of Phys-FLUIDS (Physics-Fundamental Learning & Ultimate Insights in Dynamic Statics) to improve the problem-solving skills of prospective physics teacher students. The study was structured as R&D development research, employing the Borg and Gall model approach. In the needs analysis stage, samples were obtained from several physics students at Surabaya State University. The validity of Phys-FLUIDS was assessed through a product test with three expert validators in their respective fields. The study's results indicate that Phys-FLUID was developed to meet the very valid category, with an average Aiken's value score of 0.90, serving as a teaching material to improve the problem-solving skills of prospective teacher students. With the construction of materials, questions, problem reasoning, problem-solving approaches, and attractive designs, Phys-FLUIDS can increase the enthusiasm of prospective teacher students in providing effective teaching in the classroom. Phys-FLUID is designed in the form of E-Books and conventional books, which are considered less dynamic and interactive. Therefore, it is recommended that Phys-FLUIDS be developed in a virtual application design. Although this research is limited in its development design, which only reaches the validation stage, it can provide a clear picture of whether the Phys-FLUIDS developed meets the very valid category.
A Comparative Review of Entropy-Based Models in Physics and Artificial Intelligence
This study aims to compare entropy-based models in physics and artificial intelligence (AI), highlighting their theoretical foundations, mathematical structures, and domains of application. Method: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using 11 selected Q1 journal articles published between 2020 and 2023. Articles were classified and analyzed based on domain, entropy formulation, purpose, strengths, and limitations. Results: Findings show that physics-based models emphasize analytic rigor through concepts such as Boltzmann entropy, partition functions, and maximum entropy principles. In contrast, AI-based models apply entropy in decision-making, classification, and information fusion using fuzzy logic, divergence measures, and quantum evidence theory. Despite different traditions, both domains use entropy to quantify uncertainty and optimize systems, revealing potential for convergence. Novelty: This review offers a cross-disciplinary synthesis that maps entropy as both a physical and computational concept. It provides a comparative framework that bridges formal physics and practical AI, proposing hybrid entropy models as a promising direction for future research.
Analysis of the Science Creative Thinking Ability Test Instrument at Elementary Level: Judging from its Validity and Reliability
The aim of this research is to produce a valid and reliable Creative Thinking Ability Test Instrument that can be used in teaching and learning activities. Teachers are still at the stage of providing questions from student worksheets and have not yet developed instruments to assess students' creative thinking abilities. The research design uses Borg and Gall's research development which is reduced to the fifth stage including (1) potential and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) design validation, (5) design revision. The data collection technique used is a validation sheet given to the validator. Data analysis for validity follows Aiken's V formula, while reliability is assessed using Borich's reliability coefficient formula. The research results show that the validity of the instrument in terms of content, construction and language falls into the categories of valid, valid and very valid, respectively. This shows that the critical thinking ability test instrument is suitable for use. The reliability of the instrument produces results of 78% which are categorized as reliable. This is the strength of this instrument so that it can be used to measure creative science thinking abilities at the elementary level. In line with this, the creative thinking skills test instrument that has been created can be used for research.
Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) in STEM Higher Education: Global Trends, Benefits, and Prospects for Indonesian Physics Education
Course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) is widely recognized as a transformative approach to advancing STEM education. However, their integration into physics, especially in Indonesian higher education, remains limited. This article presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 500 Scopus-indexed CURE publications from 2015 to 2025. The analysis conducted with Excel for data filtering and visualizing with VOSviewer highlights trends, disciplinary disparities, and the unique potential of CUREs in physics. The study identifies critical challenges and opportunities in adopting CUREs in physics labs and curricula and draws comparisons with more established fields, such as the life sciences and chemistry. To contextualize the global findings from bibliometrics analysis, a quantitative survey with Likert scale scoring and open-ended questions was conducted with second-year physics education students at Universitas Sebelas Maret. The survey result reveals their strong enthusiasm and readiness for authentic, research-based learning, underscoring the relevance of integrating CUREs into Indonesia's STEM curriculum and educational priorities. The findings articulate the key benefits of CUREs, including enhancement of scientific identity, critical thinking, and research skills, while also outlining practical implementation strategies, such as curriculum design, faculty preparation, and scalable, low-cost research experiences. This article advocates for broader CURE adoption in Indonesian physics education to prepare students for the evolving demands of the modern workforce.
Structural Analysis and Uncertainty of Orbital Angular Momentum Operators in Spherical Representation: Projection Approach, Spherical Tensor, and Their Application to Atomic Systems
This research is a literature review that comprehensively discusses the properties of the orbital angular momentum operator in spherical representation. The main focus lies in the analysis of the mathematical structure of the operator through the projection operator and spherical tensor approach, as well as its physical implications in various quantum systems. This study also evaluates the limitations of the uncertainty principle that arises from the commutator relation between the components of the angular momentum operator, and how this uncertainty depends on the specific quantum state. The results show that the spherical representation provides a natural framework for modeling rotational symmetry in atomic and electromagnetic systems. The projection operator allows the construction of structured wave functions, while the spherical tensor expands the capabilities of operator decompositions and transformations in Hilbert space. Furthermore, orbital angular momentum is shown to play a crucial role in the formation of multipolar electromagnetic fields and the energy structure of atoms. This study strengthens the conceptual understanding of the orbital angular momentum operator and opens up further research directions in precision quantum control and optical systems engineering.
Geological Structure Modeling of the Lembang Fault Using 2D AMT (Audio Magnetotelluric) Inversion and Phase Tensor Analysis
The magnetotelluric (MT) method is a geophysical technique that utilizes naturally occurring electromagnetic waves originating from the Earth to measure the intensity of the Earth's electric field (E) and magnetic field (H). The interdependence between electric and magnetic phenomena, particularly in relation to the Earth's electrical properties—mainly conductivity—serves as the fundamental concept of the magnetotelluric method. This is achieved by simultaneously measuring variations in E and H as a function of frequency to determine the subsurface resistivity structure. In this study, field data acquisition was conducted using the AMT (Audio Magnetotelluric) method at the Lembang Fault. This measurement aims to construct a two-dimensional model of the fracture movement patterns and orientations within the fault zone. Based on the study’s results, the calculated phase tensor values were obtained and subsequently analyzed to determine the direction of the geoelectrical strike. These data were then subjected to 2D inversion. The results of dimentionality from phase tensor analysis indicate that the model parameters are predominantly characterized by symmetric ellipses (2D) shapes, suggesting that an appropriate inversion model can be constructed in two-dimensional (2D) form. Based on the geoelectrical strike analysis, the subsidiary movement of the Lembang Fault is predominantly oriented in a west-east direction, with a strike angle of 90° or W900E From the 2D inversion model with supported by geological map, a significant contrast in the anomaly is observed, which suggests the existence of a fault zone within the inversion model. The model reveals two thrust faults that were identified at a depth of approximately 3250 metres, interpreted as a thrust fault is identified at point C-01, trending Southwest–Northeast, while another fault is located at point C-02, oriented Southeast–Northwest an estimated depth of 3125 metres . The resistivity variation is dominated by high values, approximately from 53.97 until 800 ohm-metres., which these caused by active volcanic rocks formation. In addition, this area also associated with magmatic activity, as the Lembang Fault zone is located near an active volcano.
Quantum Teleportation: Current Trends, Technological Innovations, and Prospects Towards the Quantum Internet
Study This aim study development latest in teleportation quantum based on review of 10 articles scientific international 2024–2025, with focus on approach theory, experiment, and potential application. Methods used is studies literature qualitative. Article chosen in a way purposive from journal reputable and analyzed use technique analysis content as well as comparative thematic based on system quantum, entanglement, and fidelity Teleportation succeed implemented on various platforms such as photons, ion-traps, silicon spins, and quantum dots, with fidelity reach more from 94%. Hybrid systems and approaches correct error show performance high. Simulation also strengthens direction integration with device physical. Study This give synthesis latest teleportation quantum cross -platform and highlights trend new such as logical qubit teleportation, chip-to-chip transfer, and integration nanophotonics as enhancer fidelity and efficiency.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions and Their Learning Needs in Studying English for Specific Purposes (ESP): A Mixed-Methods Approach
Nursing is a profession in high demand globally, including in Indonesia. Nurses are expected to be not only proficient in their field but also skilled in foreign languages. To address this need, a study is conducted to explore nursing students' perceptions of the importance of learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) for their careers and professional development and examine their specific learning needs for developing English proficiency in the core areas of reading, writing, listening, and speaking, as part of their nursing education. This research employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, surveying 128 nursing students enrolled in bachelor programs at a private university in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, who have been working in hospitals for several years. Data were gathered through a close-ended questionnaire for quantitative insights and a closed-ended questionnaire for qualitative information. The results indicate that most respondents consider English courses vital for their careers, as these courses provide essential skills for healthcare communication and the comprehension of medical literature. Additionally, the courses support academic achievement by helping students understand complex nursing concepts in English. The findings also highlight the specific language skills that nursing students prioritize. Reading skills, such as interpreting medical texts and manuals, were deemed most critical, followed by writing skills, including documenting patient histories and composing research articles, which are vital for professional and academic communication. Listening skills, such as understanding medical instructions, and speaking skills, such as giving verbal directions during emergencies, were also identified as key areas, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive focus on all language domains.
Reanimating History through Body, Sign, and Texture: Integrating Phenomenology, Semiotics, and Dramaturgy in Public Interest in the Play Mereka yang Menunggu di Banda Naira
Amidst growing public interest in historical narratives in performing arts, a trend reinforced by the need to recontextualize collective memory in the digital age, a key question arises: how can theater performances bring history back to life and make it relevant to today's audiences? This article answers that question through an analysis of the play Mereka yang Menunggu di Banda Naira by director Wawan Sofwan, utilizing three main theoretical frameworks: Sobchack's visual media phenomenology, which emphasizes the embodied experience of the audience; Pavis's theater semiotics, which describes the network of stage signs; and Lehmann's post-dramatic dramaturgy, which highlights affective texture and non-narrative aesthetics. This research uses a qualitative approach with performance analysis, documentation studies, and structured surveys of the audience. The results show that the performance successfully reactivated historical experiences through the interaction between archival visuals, the actors' performativity, and the affective dramaturgical atmosphere. The main findings reveal that history is not only communicated as information but also presented as an embodied experience that triggers empathy, clarifies the socio-political context, and deepens the younger generation's understanding of national movement figures. This article offers new insights into the aesthetic strategies of contemporary historical theater, particularly how the integration of body, sign, and texture can be an effective model for revitalizing collective memory in the performance space. These findings are important for the development of historical dramaturgy, cultural education, and theater production that is responsive to the need for national memory reconstruction in the digital age.
The The Use of English Learning Applications as an Extension of Classroom Learning in Junior High Schools That Limits The Use of Cell Phones as a Form of Teacher Creativity
This study investigates how English teachers in Surabaya junior high schools, where smartphone use is restricted in classrooms, extend learning activities by employing mobile applications at home. Specifically, it aims at finding how teachers who report using English learning mobile apps integrate these tools at home as a continuation of classroom activities in schools with smartphone restrictions and the ways this practice reflects their creativity within their application of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). The study involved ten English teachers who acknowledged using mobile apps to support English learning outside the classroom. Data were collected through interviews and observation of teachers’ digital footprints within the apps, facilitated by the researcher’s membership in the platforms. The data were analyzed qualitatively and iteratively. Findings reveal that WhatsApp and Google Classroom are the most frequently used mobile apps, followed by Quizizz, Wordwall, Canva, and YouTube comments. The instructional procedure typically begins with directions in WhatsApp groups and continues in the designated mobile apps. Results highlight teachers’ creative practices in mobile app use, offering concrete examples of TPACK application in English language teaching.
Pantomime-Based Arts Education for Deaf Children: Developing Inclusive Expression and Nonverbal Communication in Digital Contexts
This community service program aims to develop pantomime art as a medium of creativity and inclusive expression for deaf children at the Nusantara Pantomime School, by utilizing the potential of performing arts in the digital era. The focus of the activity is directed at empowering deaf children who experience limited verbal communication through training based on body expressions, visual narratives, and digital documentation. The method used was a qualitative approach with a participatory model, including field observations, interviews with parents and community managers, and direct training to 21 participants. The training process was carried out in stages, including mastering basic pantomime techniques, preparing narrative-based choreography, using digital media for work documentation, and open performances. Preliminary findings showed significant improvements in participants' nonverbal expression skills, social interaction, and confidence, with 85% of children able to master basic pantomime techniques and begin composing works based on visual narratives. The integration of digital technology also expands the space of expression through the production and publication of creative content on social media. In conclusion, this training not only has a practical impact in the form of improving the art skills and digital literacy of deaf children, but also contributes to the development of a sustainable inclusive art education model. The program offers theoretical implications in the study of inclusive performivity and community-based performing arts practices in the digital age.
Design Posters and Infographics for Socialising Clean and Healthy Lifestyle in Gayungan Village Surabaya City
The Gayungan sub-district in Surabaya City has a flagship program that aims to improve the implementation of a clean and healthy lifestyle among its residents. Based on an interview with the Head of the Sub-district, Pramudita Yustiani, S.T., this program focuses on education regarding waste sorting, waste utilization, and the implementation of smoke-free areas. The results of observations through questionnaires show that 65% of the community has implemented clean and healthy living behaviors, while 35% has not. In addition, 55% of residents are not aware of the socialization program, while 45% are aware of it. To overcome this problem, the proposed solution is to develop media in the form of visually appealing posters and infographic guidebooks. This media is designed using a design thinking approach to ensure suitability with user needs and provide an optimal user experience. With clear instructions and appropriate visualizations, the information material can be more easily accepted by the lower-middle class. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of effective visual design in conveying information and shows that the design thinking approach can produce media that is relevant to user needs, thereby increasing the effectiveness of socialization programs.
Language Politeness in Written Feedback at Thesis Examination: Manifestation of Education Principles in Language Use
This study aims to see the manifestation of educational principles in the use of language politeness in written feedback at the thesis exam. This study was a qualitative descriptive study of the phenomenon of language use, which was used to examine language politeness and the manifestation of educational principles. The data were in the form of written feedback from thesis exams conducted at eight universities in Indonesia. The subjects studied were 19 lecturers who examined students’ theses from eight selected populations. he correlation between language politeness in written feedback and implementation of educational principles. Language politeness is proven to be a manifestation of the principles of education, namely, education is equal, a lifelong learning process, a means to develop academic abilities, and a result of a person's learning experience. Apart from that, this study proves that through language politeness, lecturers can implement educational principles, namely humanism, humanization, humanities, and humanity, as well as learning principles, namely principles of contiguity, repetition, and reinforcement. Language politeness in written academic feedback is found to closely mirror the realization of educational values, thereby lending direct support for students’ motivation, autonomy, and emotional well-being. Practically, the results suggest the importance of enhancing feedback literacy among teachers and incorporating politeness strategies into academic ethics education, as well as establishing institutional language policies that promote constructive and polite written feedback. These actions work to ensure that feedback is not only a means of assessing students but also educating, directing, and motivating.
Integrating Tradition and Technology: A Multimodal Approach to Indonesian Arts and Culture Education for Diaspora Youth in Malaysia
This qualitative case study aims to review the multidisciplinary framework and culture training program for the Indonesian diaspora at Sanggar Muallim in Malaysia. During the 6-month training program, documents for trainers and participants, as well as interviews with participants, teachers, and guests, were collated. Three components of the program were found to be interlinked. First is Education on the Arts and Culture of the Home Country and Local Wisdom Practised in Copper Metal Crafting and Folk Dance of Dolanan. Second is the Integration of Islamic Arts with Digital Augmented Reality (AR) Qasidah Cards and Apps and Teaching and Learning Islam. Third is the Development of Soft Skills: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, and Mental Toughness. The program aims to address problems of relevance, balance, and culturally relevant, digitally accessible cultural heritage, an asset to the youth in the diaspora of the Indonesian nation. It also displays the living, inclusive Indonesian identity in the diaspora, enriched by 21st-century soft skills. This study supports the distribution of the curriculum design and documentation for the program and the initiation of longitudinal studies related to the curriculum
Narcotics Pose a Tangible Threat to the Nation's Future
Gayungan Village is endowed with a diverse array of facilities and community services, encompassing administrative offices, places of worship, healthcare facilities, educational institutions, and other public amenities. Key initiatives spearheaded by the village include community development and empowerment, which address critical aspects such as economic conditions, socio-cultural dynamics, environmental stewardship, and more. Concurrently, a significant challenge posing a threat to the nascent generation within Gayungan Village is the pervasive issue of narcotics. The absence of effective communication channels serving as cautionary measures and preventative strategies regarding the perils of drug abuse in the vicinity of Gayungan Village is notable. Consequently, the objective underlying this initiative is to foster an environment where the youth of Gayungan Subdistrict remain disassociated from these proscribed substances. The empirical data for this research were meticulously gathered through field observations and in-depth interviews. This investigation employs the 5W1H data analysis methodology, aligned with the exigencies of the research questions, to ascertain the efficacy and communicative impact of Public Service Advertisements.
Designing a Google Sites-Based Web Portal for Socializing Priority Programs: A Case Study of Gayungan Village, Surabaya
This study addresses the need for effective digital communication channels at the sub-district level to socialize community empowerment programs. It aims to design and implement a user-friendly website using Google Sites as a centralized information portal for the priority programs of Gayungan Village, Surabaya. Employing a qualitative approach with the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method, the research stages included planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Data were collected through observation, interviews with community members and village officials, and literature study. The outcome is a fully functional website featuring key sections such as Homepage, Profile, Priority Programs, WhatsApp Groups, and Public Services. The design prioritizes usability, visual clarity, and intuitive navigation tailored for both residents and village staff. The novelty of this research lies in the practical application of the lightweight Google Sites platform, integrated with principles of User Interface design from Visual Communication Design, to solve a real-world problem of governmental communication and public outreach at the local level. This case study demonstrates a cost-effective and sustainable model for digital socialization that can be replicated by other villages.
Elementary Level Kanji Games for Student at High School of Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo
Kanji instruction is frequently perceived by students as difficult and tedious, leading to low motivation and poor comprehension in learning the Japanese language. High School of Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo is committed to addressing this challenge by developing innovative and interactive teaching methods through elementary-level Kanji games. The objectives of this Community service project are: (1) To enhance students' understanding and mastery of elementary-level Kanji, (2) To boost student motivation through enjoyable learning methods, (3) To build students' cognitive and social skills through interactive activities, and (4) Strengthen the relationship between teachers, students, and the school community in the learning process. The methodology employed includes: (1) Development of Kanji Games by creating various engaging and educational Kanji games, such as flashcard games, puzzles, and board games; (2) Classroom Implementation by integrating these Kanji games into the daily curriculum through structured play sessions; and (3) Evaluation and Feedback by conducting routine evaluations to measure the games' effectiveness in improving students' Kanji comprehension and collecting feedback for continuous improvement. The anticipated contributions this community service is: (1) Learning Innovation by introducing an innovative and interactive teaching method that makes learning Kanji more appealing, and (2) Increased Participation by promoting active student engagement in the learning process through fun activities. The benefits of this community service are expected to strengthen students' comprehension of Kanji characters through repetition and application in an enjoyable context, boost students' motivation and interest in learning Japanese, and hone cognitive skills such as memory, logic, and problem-solving.
Jukujikun Learning to Improve Kanji Reading Skills
When learning Japanese, one cannot be separated from Kanji, as it is one of the essential writing systems used in the language. Kanji is particularly interesting because one might assume that if a person can write a character, they can surely read what they have written. However, this assumption does not hold true for Kanji. Even if someone can write a Kanji character, it does not necessarily mean they can read it. This challenge arises due to the existence of Jukujikun, which are specific readings that do not follow standard pronunciation rules. The difficulty in learning Jukujikun readings is experienced not only by learners but also by lecturers, as they may be unfamiliar with these non-standard readings of two-character Kanji compounds. To reduce the difficulties Indonesian learners face in mastering Jukujikun readings, the material is repeated several times until learners feel that the challenges of the Jukujikun readings have been successfully overcome.
Cultural Dynamics in Community Service: Understanding Social Intervention for Better Educational Achievement
The community service activities carried out by lecturers of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program at the International School of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2025 serve as a strategic momentum to understand how cultural dynamics influence the success of social interventions. This paper aims to explore in depth the relationship between cultural dynamics and the effectiveness of community service programs within a multicultural education context. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that cultural dynamics—covering language, social values, communication patterns, and perceptions of educational authority—significantly determine the acceptance, participation, and sustainability of social intervention programs. A cross-cultural understanding–based approach is proven to enhance the effectiveness of community service activities strengthen institutional relationships between universities and international schools, and encourage the internalization of cross-cultural literacy values among students. This article emphasizes that the success of the program in multicultural contexts requires strong intercultural competence, program adaptation to cultural contexts, and inclusive communication strategies. Thus, understanding cultural dynamics is not merely complementary but serves as a fundamental component in designing social interventions to achieve better outcomes.
Branding of Gayungan Sub-district through Integrated Website Management Development
Gayungan sub-district, Surabaya City, has achieved prestigious and proud achievements, including being named Best Village Category I at the Peak Commemoration of the 20th Community Mutual Cooperation Month (Bulan Bakti Gotong Royong Masyarakat-BBGRM) and the 51st PKK Movement Unity Day (Hari Kesatuan Gerak-HKG) held in July 2022 in Madiun. Head of Gayungan sub-district Pramudita Yustiani, stated that four aspects of potential were assessed: community, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental elements. The potential in Gayungan sub-district is not yet supported by a comprehensive system for publishing and disseminating information on flagship programs. Recognizing the importance of digital information development, a collective and sustainable system can be realized, one of which is through the development and management of an integrated website. This is the basis for providing assistance to Gayungan sub-district officials. The assistance provided is integrated website management training. The implementation method is mentoring in the form of village website management training by implementing integrated aspects through visual elements, communication, and behavioral patterns. The output of this Community Service Program is a tutorial on website management and online news media. This mentoring provides opportunities for Gayungan sub-district officials to become independent in managing assets and excellence through website management, and serves as a valuable branding activity.
Cultural Learning through Literary Texts for German Language Teachers in Indonesia: Implementation and Challenges toward SDG 4
Final Project on Artwork Creation for Master's Program Students
Developmental research in the Master's program in Arts and Culture Education has unique characteristics. The format of this developmental research differs from that typically used in other master's programs. While other programs typically employ the Four Ds, ADDIE Model, or other approaches, the Master's program in Arts and Culture Education utilizes an intersection of artistic creation methods developed in master's programs in fine arts. This phenomenon can sometimes be confusing for students, who must determine the direction and writing style of their projects.This research is an art development research using the approach of creating musical works by Pande Made Sukerta. This approach is used because this research produces a new product in the form of the creation of works of art and an analysis of the response and response of the surrounding community regarding the development carried out to produce authentic data related to the success of this research process, it is hoped that it will be able to provide benefits to the wider community. Along with this stipulation, master's programs, especially in the Cultural Arts Education study program, are allowed to have a final project, not necessarily in the form of a thesis. Actually, the final project that has been made by master's students in Cultural Arts Education has varied, some take a thesis as their final project, but there are also those who take work in this case to make works for educational purposes, for example composing songs for children, making dances, then continuing with making video tutorials, etc.
The Symbolic Cosmology on the Bedhaya Tirta Dance: Ardanareswari as Its Deep Structure
This study examines the position of the Ardhanareswari symbol as the deep structure of the symbolic cosmology underlying the Bedhaya Tirta ritual dance performed during the Purnama Kasa odalan at Pura Tirta Empul Babatan, Surabaya. Unlike previous studies that treat icons, indexes, and symbols at the same analytical level, this research positions Ardhanareswari: the union of puruşa and pradhana, as the deepest cosmological structure governing the entire sign system of the dance. Using an interpretive qualitative approach and Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic framework, the study draws upon performance documentation, ritual archives, and Hindu cosmological literature. Data were analyzed through interpretive coding and semiotic categorization based on Peirce's triadic model. The findings reveal that icons and indexes, "such as the dominance of green costumes, the presence of five female dancers, soft movement qualities, the role of the pamangku, and the ritual timing of Purnama Kasa" function as surface layers pointing toward the central cosmological symbol. The highest symbolic moment appears in the solanugrah sequence when the sacred waters of the kakuluh (puruṣa) and the kendil (pradhana) are ritually united, enacting the cosmic union of Ardhanareswari. The study demonstrates that the deepest meaning of ritual dance does not lie merely in visual form or ritual action, but in the cosmological symbol that structures their operation. This research contributes theoretically by refining the application of Peircean semiotics to the study of Hindu ritual performance in Nusantara.
Problematics in the Implementation of Binnendifferenzierung in German Writing Classes: Insights from Teachers and Learners
German is taught as a foreign language (DaF) in Indonesia, where learners are expected to master all four language skills, including writing. However, the considerable variation in learners’ linguistic abilities creates a strong pedagogical need for differentiated instruction. Although Binnendifferenzierung offers a promising approach to addressing learner diversity, its implementation in the Indonesian DaF context continues to encounter various challenges. This article examines the key problems that arise when differentiation strategies are applied in the writing course Thematisches Schreiben. The findings show that implementing Binnendifferenzierung poses challenges for both teachers and students. Teachers struggled with the extensive preparation required for designing varied tasks, while students faced difficulties selecting appropriate tasks and exhibited weaknesses in vocabulary, idea development, paragraph organization, and grammatical accuracy. Overall, the study indicates that the effectiveness of Binnendifferenzierung is constrained by substantial instructional demands and learners’limited linguistic readiness.
Deep Learning Approach Implementation Training In Learning Cultural Arts in Schools
The deep learning approach has become a key component in Indonesia's national curriculum reform, emphasizing the development of deep understanding, critical thinking, and meaningful and enjoyable learning. Since the 2025/2026 school year, the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (Kemendikdasmen) has gradually implemented this approach through pilot projects and intensive teacher training in various schools. By mid-2025, around 59,000 schools will be declared ready to adopt deep learning, with a target of full implementation in 80–100% of schools in the 2028–2030 period. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the training “Application of Deep Learning Approach in Cultural Arts Learning” which was attended by cultural arts teachers in Blitar City, members of the Subject Teacher Conference The training lasted for three days and included the delivery of materials, learning simulations, and assistance in the preparation of Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) that are oriented towards an in-depth understanding and local cultural context. The methods used include in-house training, simulation, and mentoring. Post-training evaluation showed an increase in teachers' understanding of deep learning principles and the ability to design innovative, student-centered learning. This result is expected to be a model for developing the professional capacity of teachers in the field of arts and culture while supporting the achievement of quality and inclusive national education.
Implementation Of The Jatmika Learning Model Based On Artificial Intelligence To Improve Students' Critical, Creative, And Reflective Thinking In Creative Literary Writing Learning
This study aims to describe the implementation of the Jatmika learning model based on artificial intelligence to improve critical, creative, and reflective thinking skills for PBSI undergraduate students of the 2023 cohort, Faculty of Language and Arts, Surabaya State University, in producing creative writing in the form of poetry. This research is qualitative in nature with a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects are S-1 Indonesian Language and Literature Education students, Faculty of Language and Arts, Unesa, class of 2023, taking the poetry appreciation course. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, observation, and documentation. The data was analyzed using reduction, presentation, and verification. The results of this study indicate that creative writing, especially poetry, requires the involvement of lecturers and students in the critical, creative, and reflective use of artificial intelligence (AI). This shows the need for additional skills development. Continuous training and education are key to ensuring that all parties can reap the maximum benefits of this technology.
Nitrate Adsorption Using Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste
Nitrate (NO3-) contamination poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, as it contributes to eutrophication, decreases water quality, and poses risks to human health. Synthesis of activated carbon from agricultural waste provides a circular solution for wastewater treatment and nitrate removal. Adsorption is an effective and simple method for reducing nitrate concentration in water. This study investigated nitrate removal in a batch experiment using a mixture of corn cob and coconut shell using KOH activation. A one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was used to study the influence of adsorbent dose (30-70 mg) and adsorption contact time (10-60 minutes). The activated carbon was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The nitrate removal efficiency was analyzed using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer at 540 nm. The characterization results showed that the activation process increases the specific surface area, pore volume, and number of active sites for nitrate adsorption. Under optimized conditions, nitrate removal efficiency reached 99.37%. This study confirms the effectiveness of agricultural waste-derived activated carbon as a sustainable adsorbent for nitrate adsorption in water treatment applications.
Implementation of the Repetition Method and its Impact on the Learning Achievement of Slow Learner Students in Inclusive School in literature study
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the repetition method and its impact on the academic achievement of slow learner students in inclusive schools. Slow learners are characterized by slower information processing and require systematic and repeated instructional strategies to achieve expected academic competencies. This study employed a literature review method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data sources were obtained from reputable national and international journal articles, textbooks on special education, and research reports published between 2020 and 2025. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, thematic categorization, and synthesis of research findings. The results indicate that structured repetition methods such as repeated instruction, drill and practice, retrieval practice, and spaced repetition have a positive impact on slow learners’ academic achievement, particularly in reading, writing, and arithmetic skills. Moreover, the repetition method enhances students’ learning motivation, self-confidence, and active participation in inclusive classrooms. Therefore, the repetition method can be recommended as an effective pedagogical strategy aligned with the principles of inclusive education.
Storing, Circulating, and Cueing Memory through “Beautiful Man” Slogans
This study analyzes how slogans with the theme of beautiful man function as a medium of memory through three main mechanisms: storage, circulation, and cue within Astrid Erll's theoretical framework. The research objects are 66 slogans initially written in guided infographics by first-semester students, then extracted into text format and loaded as a corpus in Voyant Tools. The method used combines qualitative-interpretive analysis with Voyant output to map three dimensions of Erll's cultural memory—material (lexical/rhetorical forms), social (practices, actors, task contexts), and mental (value/identity schemas). The results show: (1) storage—persistent and canonical word/phrase patterns (seen in Cirrus, Corpus Terms, Phrases), cementing the horizon of meaning of “beautiful man”; (2) circulation—dispersion and variation of terms across documents (seen in Trends and the Documents panel), suggesting the path of discourse circulation in the campus ecology; (3) cue—a trigger word/icon that immediately activates associations of values ​​and identity (read in Contexts/KWIC and Collocates). The discussion links the findings to the interaction of communicative and cultural memory, showing how symbolic production fixed by the medium meets the actualization of individual memories in classroom practices.
Pegon as an Aesthetic of Fragmentation in Jaranan Pegon Performance of Tulungagung, East Java
Jaranan Pegon is a distinctive traditional performance from Tulungagung, East Java, characterized by the selective adoption of classical elements without preserving complete narrative, musical, or dramaturgical structures. This article proposes “pegon” as an aesthetic of fragmentation, arguing that incompleteness in Jaranan Pegon should not be understood as artistic deficiency, but as a coherent aesthetic system rooted in local cultural strategies. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, this study analyzes characters, visual properties (eblek), musical structure, and dramaturgy in Jaranan Pegon performances. Data were collected through performance observation, documentation, and interpretive analysis. The findings reveal that fragmentation operates consistently across multiple performance elements: Wayang Orang characters such as Gatotkaca, Antareja, and Antasena appear without canonical narratives; eblek imagery combines fragmented mythological symbols; musical accompaniment is structurally minimal; and dramaturgy is symbolic rather than plot-driven. These patterns indicate that pegon functions as an intentional aesthetic logic that enables the transformation of classical symbols into accessible folk performance forms. The study demonstrates that fragmentation serves as a form of local genius, allowing cultural complexity to be simplified without erasing symbolic meaning. By conceptualizing pegon as an aesthetic system, this article contributes to performance studies and ethnokoreology by offering a new lens for understanding how traditional arts adapt and sustain meaning through selective reduction.
Cultural Identity Transmission through Jaranan Dance Education among Indonesian Diaspora Students in Malaysia
Traditional arts education plays a crucial role in sustaining cultural identity among diaspora communities. This study examines Jaranan dance education as a medium for cultural identity transmission among Indonesian diaspora students in Malaysia. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research was conducted at Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur (SIKL) and involved participant observation, documentation, and reflective field notes. Data were analyzed using interpretive thematic analysis. The findings reveal that Jaranan learning functions as an embodied cultural practice through which students internalize discipline, collective values, and emotional attachment to Indonesian cultural heritage. The learning process fosters cultural awareness, social belonging, and a sense of pride among students who grow up in a transnational environment. Rather than functioning solely as an aesthetic activity, Jaranan operates as a pedagogical medium that enables students to experience cultural identity through bodily engagement and collective practice. This study contributes to discussions on arts education and diaspora studies by demonstrating how traditional dance can serve as an effective tool for cultural transmission and identity formation in diaspora contexts. The findings underscore the importance of integrating traditional arts into educational programs for sustaining cultural continuity among overseas communities.