What Happens When the Future Feels Uncertain?

Self-Compassion and Psychological Distress among Madurese Generation Z

Abstract

Future uncertainty can be a significant source of psychological distress among Generation Z, particularly when concerns about employment and financial stability intersect with family responsibilities and social expectations. This study examined the relationship between self-compassion and psychological distress among Madurese Generation Z and explored their experiences of navigating uncertainty. A mixed-method design was employed, combining quantitative questionnaire data with qualitative interviews. Self-compassion was assessed using the Indonesian Self-Compassion Scale (Skala Welas Diri), while psychological distress was measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Quantitative findings indicated a significant negative relationship between self-compassion and psychological distress. Qualitative findings revealed that participants’ concerns primarily involved obtaining employment, earning sufficient income, and providing for their families. Participants identified religious faith, maternal prayers, self-reflection, and support from trusted individuals as resources for coping with uncertainty. Family expectations and social pressures were also described as sources of distress. These findings suggest that psychological distress among Madurese Generation Z should be understood through the interaction of individual psychological resources and broader socioeconomic, familial, and sociocultural contexts. Promoting self-compassion while acknowledging these contextual factors may contribute to more culturally responsive psychological support for young adults.