Transformational leadership, student participation, and campus digital communication: A systematic review of green management implementation in higher education

Abstract

This study explores how transformational leadership accelerates green management in higher education, shapes student participation, and is reinforced by digital communication and internal channels. The systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, covers international and open-access databases from 2000–2025, with inclusion criteria focusing on campus environments, transformational leadership, sustainability implementation, student engagement, and communication. Thematic synthesis reveals that idealized influence and inspirational motivation build pro-environmental norms, shared meaning, and collective efficacy that drive volunteer recruitment and coordinated action. Intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration enhance autonomy, creativity, competence, and student leadership through living labs, challenge-based projects, training, and clearly defined role assignments. Data-driven communication via energy and waste dashboards, regular progress updates, and public recognition strengthens transparency and accountability, leading to behavioral changes and measurable savings. Key mediating mechanisms include shared sustainability values, collective efficacy, and psychological engagement, while moderating factors that amplify outcomes include top management support, institutional incentives, and information technology readiness. Although many studies are cross-sectional, the consistent direction of findings across the literature provides a strong basis for triangulation. Major recommendations include formulating measurable visions, cross-unit delegation, safe co-creation ecosystems, formal incentives, segmented communication architecture with clear rhythms, and the monitoring of auditable performance indicators. Future research are advised to prioritize multi-site longitudinal studies, standardized green culture indicators, and cost–benefit analytics to support campus investment decisions.