The L1 Influence on Phonological Aspects of Bahasa Indonesia Acquisition as L3 in BIPA Students: A Cross-Linguistic Influence Study
Keywords:
Cross-Linguistic Influence, Third Language Acquisition, L1 Influence, Bahasa Indonesia AcquisitionAbstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of L1 on the phonological aspect in the acquisition of BI as an L3 in BIPA students. This study uses a qualitative method to analyze the influence of L1 phonological aspects in the acquisition of BI as L3 in BIPA students. The subjects of this study were 18 BIPA students in BIPA at the Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa) and UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur. The subjects came from 3 countries, namely South Korea, Thailand, and Malaysia. There are three L1s in this study: Malay and Korean. The data collection was carried out using elicitation techniques and participant observation. This study shows that students with L1 Malay often change the pronunciation of vowels and consonants, such as pronouncing the sound [a] at the end of a word into [ǝ] or [o], replacing the sounds [t] and [d] at the end of a word with glottal sounds, and eliminating the sounds [r] and [l] at the end of a word. Meanwhile, students with L1 Korean have difficulty pronouncing the sound [r] and replace it with a [ɹ]. Korean students also add the sound [ǝ] after the sounds [s] and [r] at the end of a word. This study highlights the importance of pronunciation in teaching BI because this can hinder the mastery of proper phonology and have an impact on fluency and understanding of oral communication.
References
Adelaar, Alexander. Dialects of Malay/Indonesian. The Handbook of Dialectology. John Wiley & Sons. 571-581. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118827628.ch36
Alonso, J. G., Banon, J. A., DeLuca V., Miller, D., Soares, S. M. P., Puig-Mayenco, E., Slaats, S., & Rothman, J. (2020) Event related potentials at initial exposure in third language acquisition: Implications from an artificial mini-grammar study. Journal of Neurolinguistics. 56. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2020.100939
Carey, M. D. (2002). An L1-specific CALL pedagogy for the instruction of pronunciation with Korean learners of English. Dissertation. Macquarie University. https://linguistlist.org/issues/14/2420/
Cenoz, J. (2001). The Effect of Linguistic Distance, L2 Status and Age on Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen & U. Jessner (Ed.), Cross-Linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspectives (pp. 8-20). Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853595509-002
Cenoz, J. (2003). The role of typology in the organization of the multilingual lexicon. In The multilingual lexicon (pp. 103-116). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48367-7_8
Csire, M., & Laakso, J. (2014). L3, L1 or L0? Heritage-Language Students as Third-Language Learners. Teaching and learning in multilingual contexts: Sociolinguistic and educational perspectives, 96, 215. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.26932061.15
Ding, H. & Ding A., (2021). A Review of Foreign Studies on Third Language Acquisition. DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science (EHLA). https://doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35680
Flege, J. E., Frieda, E. M., & Nozawa, T. (1997). Amount of native-language (L1) use affects the pronunciation of an L2. Journal of phonetics, 25(2), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.1996.0040
Hammarberg, B. (2018). L3, the tertiary language. In A. Bonnet & P. Siemund (Ed.), Foreign Language Education in Multilingual Classrooms (pp. 127-150). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/hsld.7.06ham
Hammarberg, Björn. (2001). Roles of L1 and L2 in L3 Production and Acquisition. Cross-Linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspectives, edited by Jasone Cenoz, Britta Hufeisen and Ulrike Jessner, Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2001, pp. 21-41. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853595509-003
Hopp, H., Kieseier, T., Vogelbacher, M., & Thoma, D. (2018). L1 effects in the early L3 acquisition of vocabulary and grammar. In Foreign language education in multilingual classrooms (pp. 305-330). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/hsld.7.14hop
Kholiq, A. (2017). Peran Bahasa Inggris Sebagai Bahasa Kedua dalam Pemerolehan Bahasa Indonesia Sebagai Bahasa Ketiga. Paramasastra: Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa Sastra Dan Pembelajarannya, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.26740/paramasastra.v4n2.p%25p
Kholiq, A., & Luthfiyati, D. (2020). Lexical Transfer In Indonesian Language Acquisition As The Third Language. Jurnal Gramatika: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 6(2), 138-154. https://doi.org/10.22202/jg.2020.v6i2.4143
Kholiq, A., Yulianto, B., Suhartono. (2024). Role of L1 and L2 in The Acquisition of Bahasa Indonesia as A Third Language. Issues in Language Studies. 13(1):413–31. https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.5567.2024
Luan, X., Sugawara, A., Kawasaki, Y., & Sugimori, E. (2024). The effect of previously acquired languages on third language acquisition. Heliyon, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26202
Polinsky, M. (2015). When L1 becomes an L3: Do heritage speakers make better L3 learners?. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(2), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728913000667
Wach, A. (2016). L1-based strategies in learning the grammar of L2 English and L3 Russian by Polish learners. System, 61, 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.08.001
Wrembel, M. (2015). 4. Cross-linguistic influence in second vs. third language acquisition of phonology. In U. Gut, R. Fuchs & E. Wunder (Ed.), Universal or Diverse Paths to English Phonology (pp. 41-70). Berlin, München, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110346084-004
