The Effectiveness of Psychological Skill Training for Volleyball Athlete in Improving Ability and Forming Character (Personality)
Keywords:
Psychology Volleyball, psychology Performance, Character athlete, Ability Personality athleteAbstract
This study explored the effectiveness of psychological skills training in improving the ability and character building of Volleyball athletes. Using quantitative methods and an experimental design, 38 Volleyball athletes underwent training for eight weeks with a frequency of three times a week. The training included mental development techniques such as visualization, stress management, and goal setting. The results of the analysis showed significant improvements in the aspects of motivation, self-confidence, mental preparation, and team emphasis (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant relationship between cognitive ability and cooperation with psychological skills, indicating that character and ability contribute to athletes' mental preparedness. These findings confirm the importance of integrating psychological training in athlete development programs to improve performance and build collaborative character.
References
Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., & Morgan, G. (2014). Mindfulness to Enhance Athletic Performance : Theoretical Considerations Mindfulness to Enhance Athletic Performance : Theoretical Considerations and Possible Impact Mechanisms. May. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0109-2
Cossich, V. R. A., Carlgren, D., Holash, R. J., & Katz, L. (2023). Technological Breakthroughs in Sport: Current Practice and Future Potential of Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Modern Data Visualization in Performance Analysis. Applied Sciences, 13(23), 12965. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312965
Coussens, A. H., Stone, M. J., & Donachie, T. C. (2025). Coach–athlete relationships, self‐confidence, and psychological wellbeing: The role of perceived and received coach support. European Journal of Sport Science, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12226
Fu, D., Hase, A., Goolamallee, M., Godwin, G., & Freeman, P. (2021). The effects of support (in)adequacy on self-confidence and performance: Two experimental studies. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 10(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000206
Gustafsson, H., Skoog, T., Davis, P., Kenttä, G., & Haberl, P. (2015). Mindfulness and Its Relationship With Perceived Stress, Affect, and Burnout in Elite Junior Athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 9(3), 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0051
Jermaina, N., Kusmaedi, N., Mamun, A., Gaffar, V., Purnomo, E., & Marheni, E. (2022). Effects of Relaxation Exercises to Reduce Anxiety in Beginner Athletes. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(6), 1275–1283. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100618
Jones, M. I., & Parker, J. K. (2017). Mindfulness mediates the relationship between mental toughness and pain catastrophizing in cyclists. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/f2qv8
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2020). Building a theory by induction: The example of goal setting theory. Organizational Psychology Review, 10(3–4), 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386620921931
Maynard, I., & Butt, J. (2018). Effective Ways to Develop and Maintain Robust Sport-Confidence : Strategies Advocated by Sport Psychology Consultants. January. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2014.996302
Park, I., & Jeon, J. (2023). Psychological Skills Training for Athletes in Sports: Web of Science Bibliometric Analysis. Healthcare, 11(2), 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020259
Petrie, T. A., Greenleaf, C., Reel, J., & Carter, J. (2009). Personality and psychological factors as predictors of disordered eating among female collegiate athletes. Eating Disorders, 17(4), 302–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260902991160
Reinebo, G., Alfonsson, S., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Rozental, A., & Lundgren, T. (2024). Effects of Psychological Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 54(2), 347–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01931-z
Röthlin, P., Horvath, S., Trösch, S., Holtforth, M., & Birrer, D. (2020). Differential and shared effects of psychological skills training and mindfulness training on performance- relevant psychological factors in sport : a randomized controlled trial. 1–13.
Ruffault, A., Bernier, M., Juge, N., & Fournier, J. F. (2016). Mindfulness May Moderate the Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Mindfulness, 7(2), 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0467-7
Vella-Fondacaro, D., & Romano-Smith, S. (2023). The Impact of a Psychological Skills Training and Mindfulness-Based Intervention on the Mental Toughness, Competitive Anxiety, and Coping Skills of Futsal Players—A Longitudinal Convergent Mixed-Methods Design. Sports, 11(9), 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11090162
Weinberg, R. (2013). Goal Setting in Sport and Exercise: Research and Practical Applications doi: 10.4025/reveducfis.v24i2.17524. Revista Da Educação Física/UEM, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.4025/reveducfis.v24i2.17524
Wu, C. H., Nien, J. T., Lin, C. Y., Nien, Y. H., Kuan, G., Wu, T. Y., Ren, F. F., & Chang, Y. K. (2021). Relationship between mindfulness, psychological skills and mental toughness in college athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136802
