Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite Using a Fe₃O₄/Nafion-Modified Gold Wire Electrode

Authors

  • Ruzain Rafie Sukma Putra Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
  • Harmami Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
  • Kartika A Madurani Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
  • Heru Suryanto Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
  • Daimon Syukri Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Andalas University, Limaum Manis, Padang, 25163, Indonesia
  • Masato Tominaga Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
  • Fredy Kurniawan Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia

Keywords:

Electrochemical, Fe3O4 Nanoparticles, Gold Electrode, Nafion, Nitrite Ions

Abstract

This study presents the development and evaluation of an electrochemical sensor for nitrite detection based on magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) and a Nafion-modified gold wire electrode. Fe₃O₄ NPs were synthesized through an electrolysis route and subsequently characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDX). The XRD diffraction pattern is similar to the standard JCPDS card number 19-0629, confirming the structure of Fe₃O₄ NPs. Morphology analysis using FE-SEM revealed Fe₃O₄ NPs with an average size measured to be 123.4 nm. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements demonstrated a high oxidation peak for nitrite detection using the proposed electrode at neutral pH (pH 7). CV analysis towards K3[Fe(CN)6] shows that the proposed electrode gave the highest current peak. The specific surface area of the proposed electrode was found to be 0.149 cm2. Quantitative analysis using CV showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.4 ppm. Using the amperometry techniques, the LOD produced was as low as 0.00105 ppm. These findings highlight the potential of the Fe₃O₄ and Nafion-modified gold electrode for sensitive nitrite analysis.

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Published

2025-11-15

How to Cite

Ruzain Rafie Sukma Putra, Harmami, Kartika A Madurani, Heru Suryanto, Daimon Syukri, Masato Tominaga, & Fredy Kurniawan. (2025). Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite Using a Fe₃O₄/Nafion-Modified Gold Wire Electrode. Proceeding of International Joint Conference on UNESA, 3(1). Retrieved from https://proceeding.unesa.ac.id/index.php/pijcu/article/view/7113

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): December

Section

Articles