Trends in Injuries by Motorcycle-Based Package Couriers in Indonesia

Abstract

Since 2019, Indonesia's e-commerce sector has recorded an average annual growth rate of 30%, driving a sharp surge in demand for last-mile motorcycle delivery. Motorcycle courier riders have long faced prominent occupational risks including traffic accidents and work fatigue, but this group currently lacks a dedicated injury surveillance system. This study conducted a descriptive longitudinal study, using multi-source official data from Indonesia's labor social security agency BPJS Ketenagakerjaan and the Indonesian National Police's traffic unit Korlantas Polri to sort out injury trends between 2019 and 2023. We independently developed the Motorcycle Courier Risk Index, and found that from 2019 to 2024, the number of occupational injury claims filed by this group increased by 153%, motorcycle accidents accounted for 70%-80% of all similar national cases, and the MCRI rose from a baseline value of 1.00 to 1.77 to reach the "extremely high risk" level. We also identified four main injury-causing mechanisms, and this tool can support the formulation of occupational safety policies.